• HVYSNOW: Probabilistic Heavy Snow And Icing Discussion

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Sep 25 07:28:43 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 250728
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Thu Sep 25 2025

    Valid 12Z Thu Sep 25 2025 - 12Z Sun Sep 28 2025

    Note: Beginning today, WPC has officially resumed staffing the
    Winter Weather Desk for the upcoming 2025-26 cold season.

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.

    Mullinax

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Sep 25 17:35:13 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 251735
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    135 PM EDT Thu Sep 25 2025

    Valid 00Z Fri Sep 26 2025 - 00Z Mon Sep 29 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Sep 26 07:22:55 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 260722
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    322 AM EDT Fri Sep 26 2025

    Valid 12Z Fri Sep 26 2025 - 12Z Mon Sep 29 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Mullinax





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Sep 26 18:21:48 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 261821
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    221 PM EDT Fri Sep 26 2025

    Valid 00Z Sat Sep 27 2025 - 00Z Tue Sep 30 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Snell



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Sep 27 07:28:13 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 270728
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Sat Sep 27 2025

    Valid 12Z Sat Sep 27 2025 - 12Z Tue Sep 30 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Mullinax






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Sep 27 19:11:10 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 271910
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    310 PM EDT Sat Sep 27 2025

    Valid 00Z Sun Sep 28 2025 - 00Z Wed Oct 01 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Snell





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Sep 28 07:29:09 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 280728
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Sun Sep 28 2025

    Valid 12Z Sun Sep 28 2025 - 12Z Wed Oct 01 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Mullinax



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Sep 28 18:07:12 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 281806
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    206 PM EDT Sun Sep 28 2025

    Valid 00Z Mon Sep 29 2025 - 00Z Thu Oct 02 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Snell




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Sep 29 07:28:43 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 290728
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Mon Sep 29 2025

    Valid 12Z Mon Sep 29 2025 - 12Z Thu Oct 02 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Mullinax







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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Sep 29 17:32:50 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 291732
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    132 PM EDT Mon Sep 29 2025

    Valid 00Z Tue Sep 30 2025 - 00Z Fri Oct 03 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Sep 30 07:48:13 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 300748
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    348 AM EDT Tue Sep 30 2025

    Valid 12Z Tue Sep 30 2025 - 12Z Fri Oct 03 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.


    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Sep 30 18:20:40 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 301820
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    220 PM EDT Tue Sep 30 2025

    Valid 00Z Wed Oct 01 2025 - 00Z Sat Oct 04 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.

    Fracasso

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 1 07:20:41 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 010720
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    320 AM EDT Wed Oct 1 2025

    Valid 12Z Wed Oct 01 2025 - 12Z Sat Oct 04 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.

    Mullinax


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 1 18:01:50 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 011801
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    201 PM EDT Wed Oct 1 2025

    Valid 00Z Thu Oct 02 2025 - 00Z Sun Oct 05 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice accumulations across
    the CONUS is less than 10 percent.

    Fracasso


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 2 06:26:42 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 020626
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    226 AM EDT Thu Oct 2 2025

    Valid 12Z Thu Oct 02 2025 - 12Z Sun Oct 05 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 3...

    An upper low over the Great Basin on Friday opens into a trough and
    shifts east over the Rockies late Saturday. Lee-side cyclogenesis
    over western South Dakota occurs during this time enhancing flow
    from Gulf-sourced moisture over the Plains through the northern
    Rockies. Snow levels through Saturday are around 9000ft over the
    Absarokas, Wind Rivers, and Bighorns, above which probs for >6"
    snow from 12Z Saturday to 12Z Sunday are 40-80%.


    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.


    Jackson


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 2 18:27:45 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 021827
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    227 PM EDT Thu Oct 2 2025

    Valid 00Z Fri Oct 03 2025 - 00Z Mon Oct 06 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 3...

    Dual shortwaves embedded within amplifying troughing across the
    western CONUS will result in the first significant snowfall across
    the higher terrain of the Northern Rockies beginning Saturday
    night.

    A closed low exiting the Great Basin will begin to fill as it
    pivots northeast and shear out in the westerlies, reaching the
    Northern Plains by 12Z Sunday. Immediately in its wake, a secondary
    impulse, albeit of weaker intensity, will drop into the Northern
    Rockies, driving additional height falls into portions of MT and
    WY. This secondary impulse will be accompanied by a cold front
    digging southward at the surface, leading to cooling temperatures
    and additional ascent through forced upslope. Although the greatest
    moisture (PWs above the 90th percentile according to NAEFS) will
    shift steadily northeast away from the region, as a surface low
    strengthens over the Northern Plains, at least some theta-e ridging
    will pivot westward back into WY at the same time mid-level SW flow
    re-ignites over the region downstream of the secondary impulse.
    This will provide sufficient moisture to regenerate precipitation,
    with much of this turning to snow from the Northern Rockies to the
    Absarokas, and into the ranges of NW WY including the Tetons, Big
    Horns, and around Yellowstone NP. As snow levels fall to as low as
    7000 ft late in the period, WPC probabilities for more than 6
    inches of snow climb to above 70% across this region, with locally
    as much as 12 inches possible (10-30%) in the highest terrain of
    the Big Horns and Absarokas.

    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.

    Weiss





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 3 08:08:15 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 030808
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    408 AM EDT Fri Oct 3 2025

    Valid 12Z Fri Oct 03 2025 - 12Z Mon Oct 06 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Days 2-3...

    A pair of shortwaves moving across the Intermountain West will
    interact with well above normal amounts of atmospheric moisture in
    the area to cause the area's first winter storm of the season at
    the higher elevations from Glacier NP in northern Montana south and
    east through the ranges of northern and western Wyoming through
    Sunday. The first shortwave begins the period Saturday morning over
    Utah, and then tracks northeast towards the northern Plains by
    Sunday morning. As the stronger of the two shortwaves getting first
    dibs at the excess moisture across the area, expect heavier and
    longer duration snow across the ranges of far southern Montana and
    northwestern Wyoming, including Yellowstone and Grand Teton NPs.
    Snowfall amounts of 6-12 inches are expected at the highest
    elevations where the snow is most persistent.

    As that first shortwave tracks into the Plains Sunday morning, the
    second shortwave rounding the back of the longwave trough will dive southeastward out of Alberta through much of Montana from Saturday
    night through much of the day on Sunday. This shortwave will result
    in a period of heavy snow across much of Glacier NP late Saturday
    night through Sunday morning. This secondary forcing will keep the
    snow that began with the first shortwave Saturday ongoing through
    Sunday. The snow will end from north to south Sunday and Sunday
    night. WPC probabilities for more than 6 inches of snow remain over
    50% for the Beartooth and Absaroka Ranges.

    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.

    Wegman



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 3 18:12:37 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 031808
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    208 PM EDT Fri Oct 3 2025

    Valid 00Z Sat Oct 04 2025 - 00Z Tue Oct 07 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Days 2-3...

    Dynamic longwave pattern will transpire across the western CONUS
    as we move into the weekend with a deep closed upper-low over the
    Great Basin pivoting northeast into the northern Rockies before
    opening up into a relatively strong negatively-tilted shortwave
    trough before exiting. Strong height-falls occurring over the Basin
    through the northern Rockies will allow for freezing levels to
    plummet over the course of Friday night into Saturday, continuing
    further into early Sunday morning. Combination of falling heights
    and strong upper-level ascent across the region mixing with
    elevated PWATs will generate a transition from rain to snow across
    portions of the Tetons over into the Absaroka/Beartooth Ranges of
    MT/WY, followed by the Big Horn mountains a bit downstream. Snow
    levels will tumble to around 7000ft MSL by Sunday morning across
    the terrain with a reasonable precip distribution contributing to
    periods of moderate to locally heavy snow within the terrain and
    adjacent foothills.

    As that negatively-tilted shortwave tracks into the Plains Sunday
    morning, a second shortwave rounding the back of the longwave
    trough will dive southeastward out of Alberta through much of
    MT from Saturday night through much of the day on Sunday. This
    shortwave will result in a period of heavy snow across much of
    Glacier NP late Saturday night through Sunday morning. This
    secondary forcing will keep the snow that began with the first
    shortwave Saturday ongoing through Sunday. The snow will end from
    north to south Sunday and Sunday night. WPC probabilities for more
    than 6 inches of snow remain between 50-90% for the Beartooth,
    Absaroka, and Big Horn Ranges.

    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.

    Wegman/Kleebauer






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 4 07:25:07 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 040724
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    324 AM EDT Sat Oct 4 2025

    Valid 12Z Sat Oct 04 2025 - 12Z Tue Oct 07 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    The weather pattern across the northern Rockies remains very
    similar to previous runs of the guidance. The dynamic upper level
    pattern will feature a deep upper level low over Utah ejecting
    northeastward into the northern Plains by early Sunday morning.
    Anomalous moisture to 2.5 sigma above normal will support waves of
    showers and a few thunderstorms tracking northeastward as a
    developing leeside low becomes the dominant surface feature through
    the weekend. The leeside low will take advantage of a shortwave
    trough also pushing northeastward. This will allow the surface low
    to intensify as it makes its way to the Plains. Combined with
    upslope enhancement, these ingredients all coming together will
    lead to a prolonged period of heavy snow. The Beartooth, Absaroka,
    and Big Horn Ranges will all come in with over 50% probabilites
    for 6 inches or more of snow or more through Sunday. Behind this
    first, stronger shortwave, a second shortwave will dive south out
    of Alberta and into the Northern Rockies on Sunday. The presence of
    this second shortwave will support maintaining heavy snow into
    northern MT, especially Glacier NP. This digging second shortwave
    will allow the larger longwave trough to remain in place, even
    expanding and growing south and west. Similarly important to the
    presence of these 2 shortwaves moving through the flow and taking
    advantage of the abundant low level moisture, a large polar surface
    high will effectively end the wintry threat from north to south.
    This is because the polar high will also be quite dry, so it will
    move the moisture feeding the snow on towards the north and east.
    With that polar low in place, expect temperatures to tumble well
    down into the 30s. Thus, as is very common in the wintertime, the
    limited time between the advancing cold/dry air and the retreating
    atmospheric moisture will favor certain areas, such as the
    Beartooth Range, while keeping many others on the Plains bone dry.
    With the advancing cold air, snow levels will fall to as low as
    5,000 ft, but the dryness should hold any heavy snow occurring to
    Sunday morning, before the snow ends from north to south.

    WPC probabilities for 6 inches or more of snow remain between 50
    and 90% for the Beartooth and Absarokas, while probabilities are a
    bit lower, between 60 and 80% for the Wind River and Bighorn
    ranges.

    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.

    Wegman



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 4 18:14:12 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 041812
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    212 PM EDT Sat Oct 4 2025

    Valid 00Z Sun Oct 05 2025 - 00Z Wed Oct 08 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    Upper level progression remains steadfast from previous forecasts
    with the closed upper reflection now analyzed as a vigorous open
    wave taking on a negative tilt as it migrates northeast out of the
    Great Basin into the adjacent northern Rockies. Consensus on heavy
    snow beginning across the higher terrain of southwest MT into
    northwest WY later this afternoon remains with some of the ridges
    likely to have switched over in the past few hrs. as heights
    continue to fall precipitously with the upper level progression. At
    the surface, a strong surface reflection is analyzed over the UT/CO
    border with an expected progression to the north-northeast over the
    next 24 hrs. The combination of a favorable upper level
    progression and strengthening axis of deformation over southern MT
    and northern WY will lead to a significant heavy snow event, the
    first of the season across the Absaroka/Beartooth/Wind River ranges
    with the Big Horns getting into the heavy snow threat a little
    later this evening as the height falls shift east. Heavy snow is
    likely over these ranges overnight into early tomorrow morning
    leading to rates between 1-2"/hr at times generating a swath of 6+"
    totals a likelihood by the time we reach sunrise tomorrow.

    Behind this first, stronger shortwave, a second shortwave will
    dive south out of Alberta and into the Northern Rockies on Sunday.
    The presence of this second shortwave will support maintaining
    heavy snow into northern MT, especially Glacier NP. This digging
    second shortwave will allow the larger longwave trough to remain in
    place, even expanding and growing south and west. Similarly
    important to the presence of these 2 shortwaves moving through the
    flow and taking advantage of the abundant low level moisture, a
    large polar surface high will effectively end the wintry threat
    from north to south. This is because the polar high will also be
    quite dry, so it will move the moisture feeding the snow on towards
    the north and east. With that polar low in place, expect
    temperatures to tumble well down into the 30s. Thus, as is very
    common in the wintertime, the limited time between the advancing
    cold/dry air and the retreating atmospheric moisture will favor
    certain areas, such as the Beartooth Range, while keeping many
    others on the Plains bone dry. With the advancing cold air, snow
    levels will fall to as low as 5,000 ft, but the dryness should hold
    any heavy snow occurring to Sunday morning, before the snow ends
    from north to south.

    WPC probabilities for 6 inches or more of snow remain elevated between
    50 and 90% for the Beartooth, Absarokas, and Big Horn ranges while probabilities are a bit lower, between 60 and 80% for the Wind
    River range.

    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.

    Wegman/Kleebauer






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 5 07:04:10 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 050704
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    304 AM EDT Sun Oct 5 2025

    Valid 12Z Sun Oct 05 2025 - 12Z Wed Oct 08 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 1...

    A positively-tilted upper level trough stretching from the northern
    Plains to Central California is directing much smaller shortwave
    troughs around its periphery. As each shortwave moves across the
    area, they've been producing an area of rain and higher elevation
    snow as a surface low develops in response to the movement of the
    individual shortwaves. The first shortwave is moving over the
    Dakotas and taking a well-developed surface low along with it. The
    surface lows have been taking advantage of an anomalous plume of
    moisture from the northern Rockies to the northern Plains. This
    abundance of moisture has helped support areas of snow at the
    highest elevations. As the low pulls away, there may be a brief
    break in the steadiest precipitation into the mountains. Meanwhile,
    a second trough, not as strong but still potent, is diving south
    across Idaho and will slow and turn eastward across southern
    Wyoming by Monday morning. Behind this shortwave a strong polar
    high will dive southward, bringing with it a much colder and drier
    air mass. The combination of subsidence with the high, and the dry
    air will very quickly end the snow from north to south. Into the
    Beartooths and Absarokas, enough moisture may hang on to keep much
    lighter snow ongoing into Tuesday morning in a few isolated areas.
    By Tuesday morning, the entire longwave trough will have moved
    eastward, allowing strong ridging to build into the West Coast.
    This feature too will act to limit the heaviest precipitation in
    all areas as subsidence works to end the snow.

    With the overall forecast largely unchanged, we will see the back
    edge of the precipitation move southeastward out of Canada and into
    Montana by Monday afternoon. While localized upslope is a
    possibility, the drier air with the advancing area of surface high
    pressure will quickly win out, allowing some areas to get some
    sunshine this afternoon.

    WPC probabilities for over 8 inches of snow are between 60 and 80
    percent for the Bighorns and Wind River Ranges through Monday
    morning.

    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.


    Wegman



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 5 18:22:35 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 051821
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    221 PM EDT Sun Oct 5 2025

    Valid 00Z Mon Oct 06 2025 - 00Z Thu Oct 09 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 1...

    Broad positively tilted upper trough across the Northern Rockies
    will maintain prevalence over the next 12-24 hrs with a strong
    surface ridge pressing down out of Alberta in tandem with a
    shortwave progressing around the trough base, currently analyzed
    over the southern portion of the ID/MT border. Forecast has been
    largely unchanged with the current radar/sat composite indicating a
    prevailing upslope regime across the Absaroka and northern Big
    Horns with an expectation for precip to ignite over the course of
    the afternoon and evening as we move into the Wind River range.
    This is thanks to the progression of the shortwave migrating out of
    ID leading to the final chapter in the first heavy snow event of
    the season for the northern Rockies. Additional accumulations of
    4-8", local to 12" are anticipated across the higher terrain
    8000ft MSL) with a respectable 3-6" for areas between
    5500-7000ft MSL. Light snow accumulations will be forecast below
    5000ft MSL, but impacts will be negligible in the grand scheme.

    WPC probabilities for the remainder of the event (00-12z Monday)
    still hover between 50-70% for an additional 4+" over the Wind
    River Range, but a surge of drier air with the incoming surface
    ridge and vacating shortwave will lead to a quick decay of snow
    chances from north to south as we move through the rest of the D1.
    By tomorrow morning, snow will taper off to just scattered light
    snow with only smaller additional accums expected. The threat for
    winter weather will be over prior to 18z.

    The probability of significant icing is less than 10 percent.


    Kleebauer





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 6 06:00:16 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 060600
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    200 AM EDT Mon Oct 6 2025

    Valid 12Z Mon Oct 06 2025 - 12Z Thu Oct 09 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice across the CONUS is
    less than 10 percent.

    Wegman

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 6 17:14:09 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 061713
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    113 PM EDT Mon Oct 6 2025

    Valid 00Z Tue Oct 07 2025 - 00Z Fri Oct 10 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice across the CONUS is
    less than 10 percent.

    Wegman/Kleebauer




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 7 06:34:36 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 070630
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    230 AM EDT Tue Oct 7 2025

    Valid 12Z Tue Oct 07 2025 - 12Z Fri Oct 10 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice across the CONUS is
    less than 10 percent.

    Wegman


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 8 06:00:12 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 080600
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    200 AM EDT Wed Oct 8 2025

    Valid 12Z Wed Oct 08 2025 - 12Z Sat Oct 11 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice across the CONUS is
    less than 10 percent.

    Wegman

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 7 18:49:37 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 071849
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    249 PM EDT Tue Oct 7 2025

    Valid 00Z Wed Oct 08 2025 - 00Z Sat Oct 11 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice across the CONUS is
    less than 10 percent.

    Mullinax



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 8 19:14:51 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 081914
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    314 PM EDT Wed Oct 8 2025

    Valid 00Z Thu Oct 09 2025 - 00Z Sun Oct 12 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice across the CONUS is
    less than 10 percent.

    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 9 07:19:59 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 090719
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    319 AM EDT Thu Oct 9 2025

    Valid 12Z Thu Oct 09 2025 - 12Z Sun Oct 12 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 3...

    By the end of the short range forecast period (Sunday morning) a
    sharp, negatively-tilted upper trough is forecast to impact the
    northern Rockies with moderate to heavy precipitation and lowering
    snow levels. The upper trough configuration is expected to develop
    as a closed-low currently off the coast of the Pacific Northwest
    opens up and interacts with a diving shortwave out of British
    Columbia. Additionally, this pattern is favorable for increasing
    upper jet dynamics and is supported by model guidance depicting a
    120-140kt southwesterly jet streak extending from the central
    Great Basin to the central/northern Rockies. This places the
    northern Rockies in the left-exit region of the upper jet and most
    favorable for upper divergence and widespread moderate
    precipitation. As the upper trough moves over the region Sat night
    (500 mb heights estimated to be just below the 10th climatological
    percentile per the 12z NAEFS) snow levels are expected to also fall
    below 6,500ft across much of the northern Rockies by early Sunday
    and below 5,000ft across the Pacific Northwest, where lighter
    precipitation will be located.

    The most impactful snowfall through this timeframe is expected to
    be located across southwest Montana as moderate precipitation
    overlaps with the lowering snow levels. Latest WPC probabilities
    for at least 6 inches of snowfall are 20-40% across the high
    terrain of southwest Montana above 8,000ft, which is still above
    many of the major mountain passes. Additionally, WSSI-P values for
    moderate impacts reach 30-40% in these areas primarily due to snow
    load concerns.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Snell



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 9 19:23:58 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 091923
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    323 PM EDT Thu Oct 9 2025

    Valid 00Z Fri Oct 10 2025 - 00Z Mon Oct 13 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 3...

    A strong upper-level trough traversing the Pacific Northwest on
    Saturday will provide ample upper-level ascent over the Northern
    Rockies Saturday night and into Sunday. The EPS shows a classic
    "kissing jets" setup Saturday night with the diffluent left-exit
    region of a strong 120-140 kt 250mb jet over Utah and the diffluent right-entrance region of a >100kt 250mb jet over south-central
    Canada both located over western Montana. ECMWF PWAT percentiles
    are likely to remain above the 90th climatological percentile
    through early Sunday morning with ample moisture aloft to saturate
    the DGZ over the Absaroka, Lewis Range, and Tetons. There remains
    plenty of uncertainty with varying solutions on the depth/phasing
    of two 500mb disturbances over the Northwest. The GFS is the most
    amplified of the bunch but is is more amplified compared to the
    GEFS mean, while the ECMWF/UKMET/EC-AIFS are in the middle ground
    compared to the more overly amplified GFS and weaker/sheared CMC
    solution.

    With a lack of sub-freezing air ahead of the trough, even with a
    encroaching colder, western Canadian high pressure system on
    Sunday, this setup tends to favor the higher elevations of the
    Northern Rockies. While a more amplified solution like the GFS
    cannot be ruled out yet, the antecedent air-mass both ahead of the
    storm and trailing behind the system are not overly impressive for
    mid-October. As high pressure builds in from the north, colder
    temperatures and easterly upslope flow will keep snow lingering
    along the Lewis Range into Sunday night. Snowfall rates could
    approach 1"/hr in the Lewis Range and around Glacier Nat'l Park
    Sunday morning, which could also foster hazardous travel conditions
    in nearby passes.

    WPC probabilities depict moderate chances (40-60%) for snowfall >8"
    in the peaks of the Lewis Range above 7,000ft (including Glacier
    Nat'l Park) on south along the Absaroka/Tetons above 8,000ft
    through Sunday afternoon. Lighter snowfall accumulations as low as
    6,000ft in the Lewis Range/northwest Montana and 7,000ft in the
    Absaroka/Tetons are expected. WPC's Probabilistic Winter Storm
    Severity Index (WSSI-P) show similar moderate chances for Minor
    Impacts for the event in these mountain ranges. Other mountain
    ranges are likely to receive light snow totals (2-4") as far west
    as the Bitterroots and as far south as the Teton and Wind River
    Ranges in western Wyoming.

    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.

    Mullinax



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 10 07:48:42 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 100748
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    348 AM EDT Fri Oct 10 2025

    Valid 12Z Fri Oct 10 2025 - 12Z Mon Oct 13 2025

    ...Northern Rockies & WA Cascades...
    Days 2-3...

    A strong upper-level trough traversing the Pacific Northwest on
    Saturday will provide ample upper-level ascent over the Northern
    Rockies Saturday night and into Sunday. The EPS shows a classic
    "kissing jets" setup Saturday night with the diffluent left-exit
    region of a strong 120-140 kt 250mb jet over Utah and the diffluent right-entrance region of a >100kt 250mb jet over south-central
    Canada both located over western Montana. 18z ECMWF depicts PWAT
    percentiles are likely to remain above the 90th climatological
    percentile through early Sunday morning with ample moisture aloft
    to saturate the DGZ over the Absaroka, Lewis Range, and Tetons.
    There remains some uncertainty with varying solutions on the
    depth/phasing of two 500mb disturbances over the Northwest. The GFS
    is the most amplified of the bunch and is more amplified compared
    to the GEFS mean, while the ECMWF/UKMET/EC-AIFS are in the middle
    ground compared to the more overly amplified GFS and weaker/sheared
    CMC solution.

    With a lack of sub-freezing air ahead of the trough, even with a
    encroaching colder, western Canadian high pressure system on
    Sunday, this setup tends to favor the higher elevations of the
    Northern Rockies. While a more amplified solution like the GFS
    cannot be ruled out yet, the antecedent air-mass both ahead of the
    storm and trailing behind the system are not overly impressive for
    mid-October. As high pressure builds in from the north, colder
    temperatures and easterly upslope flow will keep snow lingering
    along the Lewis Range into Sunday night. Snowfall rates could
    approach 1"/hr in the Lewis Range and around Glacier Nat'l Park
    Sunday morning, which could also foster hazardous travel conditions
    in nearby passes.

    Additionally, a separate upper low is forecast to drop south into
    the Pacific Northwest on Sunday within the same longwave western
    U.S. trough. This will allow for snow levels to remain rather low
    for this time of year (around and slightly below 4,000 ft) across
    the WA Cascades along with favorable upper ascent, which may lead
    to some light accumulating snow for the major mountain passes.

    WPC probabilities through early Monday depict moderate chances
    (40-70%) for snowfall >8" in the peaks of the Lewis Range above
    6,000ft (including Glacier Nat'l Park) on south along the
    Absaroka/Tetons above 8,000ft through Sunday afternoon. Lighter
    snowfall accumulations as low as 5,000ft in the Lewis
    Range/northwest Montana and 7,000ft in the Absaroka/Tetons are
    expected. WPC's Probabilistic Winter Storm Severity Index (WSSI-P)
    show similar chances for Minor Impacts for the event in these
    mountain ranges. Other mountain ranges are likely to receive light
    snow totals (2-4") as far west as the Bitterroots and as far south
    as the Teton and Wind River Ranges in western Wyoming.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Snell/Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 10 19:27:07 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 101926
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    326 PM EDT Fri Oct 10 2025

    Valid 00Z Sat Oct 11 2025 - 00Z Tue Oct 14 2025

    ...Northern Rockies & WA Cascades...
    Days 2-3...

    A strong upper-level trough traversing the Pacific Northwest on
    Saturday will provide ample upper-level ascent over the Northern
    Rockies Saturday night and into Sunday. The synoptic-scale snapshot
    of this setup features a classic "kissing jets" setup aloft
    Saturday night with the diffluent left-exit region of a strong
    120-140 kt 250mb jet over Utah and the diffluent right-entrance
    region of a >100kt 250mb jet over south-central Canada, both
    located over western Montana. Guidance across the board indicate
    PWAT percentiles are likely to remain above the 90th climatological
    percentile through early Sunday morning with ample moisture aloft
    to saturate the DGZ over the Absaroka, Lewis Range, and Tetons.
    There remains some uncertainty with varying solutions on the
    depth/phasing of two 500mb disturbances over the Northwest. The GFS
    remains the most amplified of the bunch, while the ECMWF/UKMET/EC-
    AIFS are in the middle ground compared to the more overly amplified
    GFS and weaker/sheared CMC solution.

    With a lack of sub-freezing air ahead of the trough, even with a
    encroaching colder, western Canadian high pressure system on
    Sunday, this setup tends to favor the higher elevations of the
    Northern Rockies. The antecedent air-mass both ahead of the storm
    and trailing behind the system are not exceptionally cold for mid-
    October. As high pressure builds in from the north, colder
    temperatures and easterly upslope flow will keep snow lingering
    along the Lewis Range into early Monday morning. Snowfall rates
    could approach 1"/hr in the Lewis Range and around Glacier Nat'l
    Park Sunday morning, which could also foster hazardous travel
    conditions in nearby passes.

    Farther west, a separate upper low is forecast to drop south into
    the Pacific Northwest on Sunday within the same longwave western
    U.S. trough. Snow levels to remain rather low for this time of year
    (around and slightly below 4,000 ft) across the WA Cascades along
    with favorable upper ascent, which may lead to some light
    accumulating snow for the major mountain passes. Most snowfall
    accumulations topping 4" are likely to be confined to elevations
    above 5,000ft.

    WPC probabilities through early Monday depict moderate chances
    (40-70%) for snowfall >8" in the peaks of the Lewis Range above
    6,000ft (including Glacier Nat'l Park) on south along the
    Absaroka/Tetons above 8,000ft through Sunday afternoon. Lighter
    snowfall accumulations as low as 5,000ft in the Lewis
    Range/northwest Montana and 7,000ft in the Absaroka/Tetons are
    expected. WPC's Winter Storm Severity Index (WSSI) shows Minor
    Impacts from the Bitterroots and Idaho Panhandle on east through
    much of Montana's mountain ranges and on south through northwest
    Wyoming. Some localized Moderate impacts in the higher elevations,
    largely impacting passes within these ranges, are possible.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Mullinax/Snell







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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 11 07:36:27 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 110736
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    336 AM EDT Sat Oct 11 2025

    Valid 12Z Sat Oct 11 2025 - 12Z Tue Oct 14 2025

    ...Northern Rockies & WA Cascades...
    Days 1-2...

    Forecast remains on track for heavy snow to impact the high terrain
    of the northern Rockies and WA Cascades beginning late tonight/early
    Sunday morning and lasting through early next week, with certain
    valley locations also potentially seeing the first snowflakes of
    the season. Upper dynamics responsible for this October mountain
    snow include a sharp upper trough crossing the northern Great Basin
    today before taking on a negative tilt over the northern High
    Plains on Sunday in tandem with a favorable duel jet structure.
    This places the northern Rockies in an area of enhanced upper
    divergence and lift, as well as crashing snow levels to allow for
    precipitation to transition from rain to snow for areas above
    5,000-6,000 ft. Snow levels are forecast to drop even lower on
    Sunday across northwestern MT, where cold Canadian air noses
    southward due to high pressure building to the north. This will
    also allow for enhanced easterly upslope flow into the Lewis Range
    and Glacier Natl Park region. Snowfall rates could peak at 1-2"/hr
    in this part of northwest MT Sunday morning according to WPC's
    Snowband Probability Tracker and make for difficult driving
    conditions, especially at some of the major mountain passes in the
    region.

    Meanwhile, a separate deepening upper low will rotate southward
    within the broad western U.S. trough by Sunday night over western
    WA and provide additional lift along with a sinking cold front into
    northern WA. Here, snow levels are expected to drop below 3,500ft
    across the northern Cascades and contain light to moderate
    snowfall at times into early Monday. WPC probabilities for greater
    than 8" through Monday morning are high (70-905) across the Lewis,
    Swan, and Mission ranges of northwest MT, as well as the northern
    Cascades above 6,000ft. Probabilities for at least 8" of snow are
    moderate (40-70%) across southwest MT and the northern Absarokas.


    ...Sierra Nevada...
    Day 3...

    By the end of day 3 (12Z Tuesday), the aforementioned upper low is
    expected to rapidly drop south along the northern/central CA coast
    and orient a corridor of 500-600 kg/m/s IVT (above the 99th
    climatological percentile per the 12z NAEFS) orthogonal to the
    central Sierra Nevada. There does remain some uncertainty regarding
    exact track of the upper low and timing of heavy precipitation,
    with the GFS and UKMET remaining on the slower end. Regardless, as
    the plume of moisture approaches the central Sierra on Tuesday snow
    levels are expected to remain around 6,000-7,000ft and snow ratios
    should remain capped at around 8-10:1 given the moist fetch off
    the Pacific. WPC probabilities for at least 8" of snow in the
    central Sierra are currently moderate (30-60%) above 8,000ft through
    the end of day 3, with more snow potential likely into the day 4
    timeframe.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Snell





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 11 18:35:02 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 111834
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    234 PM EDT Sat Oct 11 2025

    Valid 00Z Sun Oct 12 2025 - 00Z Wed Oct 15 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    A potent shortwave upper-level trough tracking through the Pacific
    Northwest will generate healthy vertical ascent over the Northern
    Rockies that combined with sufficient moisture aloft and falling
    heights will prompt the development of moderate-to-heavy mountain
    snow over the Northern Rockies starting this evening and lingering
    into Sunday. As heights steadily fall and precipitation rates
    increase Saturday night into Sunday morning, snow levels will drop
    to as low as 4,000ft across far northwest MT but the heavier
    snowfall totals (>6") will be most commonly found above 5,000ft
    along the Lewis Range, including Glacier Nat'l Park. Accumulating
    snowfall will extend as far west as the Blue and Sawtooth Mountains
    and as far south as the Teton and Wind River Ranges of western
    Wyoming through Sunday morning. Snow will stick around through
    Sunday night over the Lewis Range and on the eastern foothills of
    central Montana thanks to a dome of Canadian high pressure
    fostering upsloping easterly flow that prolongs the heavy snowfall
    into Monday morning.

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high probabilities (50-80%) for
    storm-total snowfall amounts >8" from the Idaho Panhandle on east
    to the Lewis Range. Mountains within and around Glacier Nat'l Park
    even have moderate chances (40-60%) for over 12" of snow,
    particularly above 7,000ft. Farther south into the Absaroka,
    Teton, and Wind River Ranges, WPC probabilities show high chances
    70%) for snowfall totals >4" above 8,000ft. Expect lighter
    snowfall totals (1-4" on average, locally higher in taller peaks)
    in parts of the Bitterroots, Sawtooth, and Blue Mountains. The WSSI
    shows mostly Minor Impacts due to potentially slick travel
    conditions, while some passes in Montana and Glacier Nat'l Park may
    contend with Moderate Impacts that could result in road closures.

    ...Pacific Northwest & Sierra Nevada...
    Days 2-3...

    Farther west, as the Northern Rockies upper-level disturbance exits
    north and east, another 500mb trough will strengthen and dive south
    through the Pacific Northwest late Sunday and eventually deepen to
    a robust 500mb low off the northern California coast by Monday
    afternoon. This sudden amplification of the 500mb trough (06Z ECMWF
    shows 500mb heights below the 1st climatological percentile off
    the California coast Monday afternoon) is due to an impressive
    anti-cyclonic weak break over British Columbia. The dramatic
    height falls and modest 500-700mb CAA aloft will support lowering snow
    levels along the Cascades, Olympics, and on south through the
    Siskiyou and the Sierra Nevada starting Sunday and continuing into
    the first half of next week. All guidance also shows a healthy IVT
    topping 400 kg/m/s helping to direct plenty of Pacific moisture at
    the mountain ranges. The heaviest snowfall in the Pacific Northwest
    unfolds late Sunday morning and into Sunday night before gradually
    tapering off by Monday morning. Monday is when snow arrives over
    the northern California mountains with the heaviest snowfall
    occurring Monday night into Tuesday over the Sierra Nevada.
    Guidance has come in snowier over the past 12-24 hours, and given
    the lack of deep, cold air aloft, snow is likely to be a heavy/wet
    snowfall along the Sierra Nevada. This could raise concerns for
    potential impacts to trees and infrastructure given this is the
    first significant mountain snowfall in the Sierra Nevada this
    season.

    WPC probabilities show minor accumulations (less than 4") as low
    as 4,000ft in elevation over the Cascades and Olympics, but
    elevations at and above 4,000ft sport high chances (>70%) for
    snowfall totals >4" through the first half of next week. Some
    peaks above 6,000ft in western OR and western WA could see
    snowfall totals top 12" in spots. In California, the northern
    Sierra Nevada above 7,000ft and the central Sierra Nevada above
    8,000ft have moderate-to-high chances (50-80%) for >12" of
    snowfall and low-to-moderate chances (30-50%) for amounts >18"
    through Tuesday afternoon. Latest WSSI-P shows moderate chances
    (40-60%) for Moderate Impacts along the central Sierra Nevada with
    the Snow Amount, Snow Load, and Snow Rate impacts being the main
    concerns for the first significant snow of the season.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Mullinax








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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 12 07:44:19 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 120744
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    344 AM EDT Sun Oct 12 2025

    Valid 12Z Sun Oct 12 2025 - 12Z Wed Oct 15 2025

    ...Northern Rockies & Pacific Northwest...
    Days 1-2...

    By the start of the forecast period (12Z Sunday), a potent
    shortwave upper-level trough will be quickly exiting the northern
    Rockies along with an associated strong surface low pushing
    northeastward into southern Saskatchewan. Gradually increasing
    heights are then expected across the northern Rockies through the
    remainder of the day 1 forecast period, while a rapidly deepening
    upper low drops southward along the coast of the Pacific Northwest.
    At the surface, cold Canadian high pressure nosing southward into
    northwest MT will allow for favorable upslope ascent in this
    region, with general low-to-mid level convergence extending across
    northern WA and ID along a sinking frontal boundary. This will
    favor light to moderate snow across areas above 5,000ft, but with
    snow levels dropping enough for flakes to reach into parts of the
    MT Front Range and adjacent High Plains at times on Sunday night.
    For the Cascades of WA and OR, snowfall will be tied to the
    dropping upper low as snow levels start around 4,000-5,000ft
    (lowest in the northern WA Cascades) before eventually lowering to
    around 3,000ft in WA and 4,500ft in OR on day 2.

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high probabilities (50-80%) for
    storm-total snowfall amounts >8" from the Cascades on eastward into
    the northern Idaho Panhandle to the Lewis Range of Montana.
    Mountains within and around Glacier Nat'l Park even have moderate
    chances (40-60%) for over 12" of snow, particularly above 7,000ft.
    The WSSI shows mostly Minor Impacts due to potentially slick travel
    conditions, while some passes in Montana and Glacier Nat'l Park
    may contend with Moderate Impacts that could result in road
    closures.

    ...California...
    Days 2-3...

    ...First heavy snowfall event of the season set to impact the
    Sierra Nevada beginning Monday night...

    By day 2, the upper low dropping southward along the West Coast is
    forecast to deepen into a robust 500mb low off the northern
    California coast. This sudden amplification of the 500mb trough
    (18Z ECMWF shows 500mb heights below the 0.5 climatological
    percentile and nearing October records off the California coast
    Monday afternoon) is due to an impressive anti- cyclonic weak break
    over British Columbia. The dramatic height falls and modest
    500-700mb CAA aloft will support lowering snow levels down to
    around 6000-6500ft through the Siskiyou and the Sierra Nevada
    starting Monday and continuing into the first half of next week.
    All guidance also shows a healthy IVT topping 400 kg/m/s helping to
    direct plenty of Pacific moisture at the mountain ranges. Snow
    arrives over the northern California mountains on Monday with the
    heaviest snowfall occurring Monday night into Tuesday over the
    Sierra Nevada. Guidance has come in snowier over the past 12-24
    hours, and given the lack of deep, cold air aloft, snow is likely
    to be a heavy/wet snowfall along the Sierra Nevada. This could
    raise concerns for potential impacts to trees and infrastructure
    given this is the first significant mountain snowfall in the Sierra
    Nevada this season.

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high chances (50-80%) for at
    least 24" of snowfall throughout the central Sierra Nevada (above
    8,000 feet) by Wednesday morning, with maximum amounts up to 36"
    possible. Latest WSSI-P shows high chances (70-99%) for Moderate
    Impacts along the central Sierra Nevada with the Snow Amount, Snow
    Load, and Snow Rate impacts being the main concerns for the first
    significant snow of the season. Current WSSI also highlights Major
    to Extreme Impacts, which would imply difficult to impossible
    travel at times between Monday night and much of the day on Tuesday,
    including for many major passes.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Snell/Mullinax





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 12 19:14:09 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 121913
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    313 PM EDT Sun Oct 12 2025

    Valid 00Z Mon Oct 13 2025 - 00Z Thu Oct 16 2025

    ...Northern Rockies & Pacific Northwest...
    Days 1-2...

    Snow has subsided in parts of WY and central ID as the 500mb
    shortwave trough responsible for snowfall late yesterday and
    overnight tracks into south-central Canada. However, periods of moderate-to-heavy snow will linger over western MT as cold
    Canadian high pressure nosing southward allows for favorable
    upslope ascent in this region, with general low-to-mid level
    convergence extending across northern WA and ID along a sinking
    frontal boundary. This will favor light to moderate snow across
    areas above 5,000ft, but with snow levels dropping enough for minor accumulations for parts of the MT Front Range and adjacent High
    Plains above 4,000ft through tonight. For the Cascades of WA and
    OR, snowfall will be tied to the amplifying upper low emerging from
    British Columbia as snow levels start around 4,000-5,000ft (lowest
    in the northern WA Cascades) before eventually lowering to around
    3,000ft in WA and 4,500ft in OR on Monday

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high probabilities (50-80%) for
    storm-total snowfall amounts >8" from the Cascades on eastward into
    the northern ID Panhandle to the Lewis Range of MT. Over western
    MT and the ID Panhandle, including Glacier Nat'l Park, an
    additional... particularly above 7,000ft. The WSSI shows mostly
    Minor Impacts, signaling potentially slick travel conditions, while
    some passes in MT and Glacier Nat'l Park may contend with Moderate
    Impacts that could result in road closures.

    ...California & Central Nevada...
    Days 2-3...

    ...First significant snowfall event of the season set to impact
    the Sierra Nevada beginning Monday night...

    The upper low dropping southward along the West Coast is forecast
    to deepen into a robust 500mb low off the California coast. This
    amplification of the 500mb trough (06Z ECMWF shows 500mb heights
    below the 0.5 climatological percentile and nearing October records
    off the California coast Monday afternoon) is due to an impressive anti-cyclonic wave break over British Columbia. Height falls and
    modest 500-700mb CAA aloft will support lowering snow levels down
    to around 6000-6500ft through the Siskiyou and the Sierra Nevada
    starting Monday and continuing through the first half of next week.
    A healthy IVT topping 400 kg/m/s is helping to direct a rich plume
    of Pacific moisture at the mountain ranges. Snow arrives over the
    northern California mountains on Monday with the heaviest snowfall
    occurring Monday night into Tuesday over the Sierra Nevada. Given
    the lack of deep, cold air aloft, snow is likely to be a heavy/wet
    snowfall along the Sierra Nevada. This raises concerns for
    potential impacts to trees and infrastructure given this is the
    first significant mountain snowfall in the Sierra Nevada this
    season. WPC's Snowband Probability Tracker shows HREF guidance
    identifying 2-3"/hr rates over the central Sierra Nevada Monday
    night. Look for some heavy snowfall to spill into central Nevada's
    taller ranges with anywhere from 6-12" of snowfall possible.

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high chances (50-80%) for at
    least 24" of snowfall throughout the central Sierra Nevada (above
    8,000 feet) through Wednesday with maximum amounts exceeding 36"
    possible. Latest WSSI-P shows moderate-to-high chances (50-80%)
    for Major Impacts along the central Sierra Nevada with the Snow
    Amount, Snow Load, and Snow Rate impacts being the main concerns
    for the first significant snow of the season. Current WSSI also
    highlights Moderate to Major Impacts, which would imply difficult
    to impossible travel at times between Monday night and much of the
    day on Tuesday, including for many major passes.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Mullinax/Snell






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 13 07:45:57 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 130745
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    345 AM EDT Mon Oct 13 2025

    Valid 12Z Mon Oct 13 2025 - 12Z Thu Oct 16 2025

    ...California & Central Nevada...
    Days 1-2...

    ...First significant snowfall event of the season set to impact
    parts of the Sierra Nevada beginning Monday night...

    An upper low dropping southward along the West Coast is forecast
    to deepen into a robust 500mb closed low off the California coast
    by Monday night before swinging inland across central California on
    Tuesday and eventually the central Great Basin on Wednesday. This
    rapid amplification of the 500mb closed low (18Z ECMWF shows 500mb
    heights below the 0.5 climatological percentile and nearing October
    records off the California coast Tuesday morning) is due to an
    impressive anti- cyclonic wave break over British Columbia. Height
    falls and modest 500-700mb CAA aloft will support lowering snow
    levels down to around 6000-6500ft through the Siskiyou and the
    Sierra Nevada starting today and continuing through early
    Wednesday, with snow levels remaining around 7,000ft to start in
    the southern Sierra within the more robust precipitation axis. A
    healthy IVT topping 400 kg/m/s is helping to direct a rich plume of
    Pacific moisture at the mountain ranges. However, recent model
    trends over the last 24 hrs have indicated a slightly further south
    location of the upper- low, which lowers the QPF somewhat across
    the central Sierra due to less orthogonal (more southerly) flow
    into the Sierra Nevada terrain. This produces better upslope flow
    into the southern CA ranges (ptype primarily rain) and southern
    Sierra Nevada versus the prior forecasts centered on the central
    Sierra. Regardless, snow still arrives over the northern California
    mountains today with the heaviest snowfall occurring late tonight
    into Tuesday over the central/southern Sierra Nevada. Given the
    lack of deep, cold air aloft, snow is likely to be a heavy/wet
    snowfall along the Sierra. This raises concerns for potential
    impacts to trees and infrastructure given this is the first
    significant mountain snowfall in the Sierra Nevada this season.
    WPC's Snowband Probability Tracker shows HREF guidance identifying
    2-3"/hr rates over the southern/central Sierra Nevada Monday night
    into Tuesday. Look for some heavy snowfall to spill into central
    Nevada's taller ranges with anywhere from 12-24" of snowfall
    possible over 8,000ft.

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high chances (50-80%) for at
    least 24" of snowfall throughout the central Sierra Nevada (above
    8,000 feet) through Wednesday with maximum amounts up to 36"
    possible. Latest WSSI-P shows moderate-to-high chances (50-80%) for
    Major Impacts along the central Sierra Nevada with the Snow
    Amount, Snow Load, and Snow Rate impacts being the main concerns
    for the first significant snow of the season. Current WSSI also
    highlights Major to Extreme Impacts, which would imply dangerous
    to impossible travel at times between Monday night and much of the
    day on Tuesday, including for many major passes.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Mullinax/Snell





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 13 19:14:18 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 131914
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    314 PM EDT Mon Oct 13 2025

    Valid 00Z Tue Oct 14 2025 - 00Z Fri Oct 17 2025

    ...California & Central Nevada...
    Days 1-2...

    ...First significant snowfall event of the season impacts the
    Sierra Nevada tonight through Tuesday night...

    A deepening low pressure system shifting south just off the far
    north California coast this afternoon will swing inland across the
    central California coast late tonight, cross the Sierra Nevada
    Tuesday night, and north-central Nevada on Wednesday. The fairly
    deep low will decrease snow levels from around 7000ft over the
    Sierra Nevada tonight to as low as 5500ft Tuesday evening under the
    upper low. Snow levels drop to around 6000ft over the central NV
    for Tuesday night and Wednesday. A strong inland moisture surge
    ahead of the low with PW around 1" will allow for moderate to heavy
    snow rates above the snow level. 12Z HREF mean snow rates are
    1-2"/hr over the central/southern Sierra Nevada from 06Z tonight to
    15Z Tuesday.

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high chances (40-80%) for at
    least 24" of snowfall in 24hrs from 06Z tonight to 06Z Wednesday
    above about 8000ft. Probabilities through that time for >8" are
    30-70% around 7000ft (including Donner Pass on I-80). The WSSI
    highlights Major Impacts for the High Sierra and remote central NV
    ranges with moderate impacts for most cross Sierra road passes.


    ...North-Central Rockies...
    Day 3...

    The low fills as it crosses the Great Basin, but remains closed as
    it crosses over WY on Thursday. Lee-side cyclogenesis forms over
    southeast WY Wednesday night with an increasing easterly component
    to the low level flow to aid moisture transport over the western WY
    ranges through Thursday morning with snow levels around 7000ft.
    However, the rates are not expected to be that great with mainly
    20-30% probs for >8" snow in 24hr from 00Z Thur to 00Z Fri for the
    Absarokas and Wind River Range. An exception is over the Tetons
    where those probs are 40-60%.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Jackson


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 14 07:29:46 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 140729
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    329 AM EDT Tue Oct 14 2025

    Valid 12Z Tue Oct 14 2025 - 12Z Fri Oct 17 2025

    ...California & Central Great Basin...
    Days 1-2...

    ...First significant snowfall event of the season continues across
    the Sierra Nevada today...

    A deep, vertically stacked mid-upper low churning off the coast of
    central CA by the start of the forecast period (12Z Tues) is
    forecast to swing inland today before crossing into the central
    Great Basin on Wednesday. This mid-upper low pressure system is
    very anomalous for the time of year, reaching below the 0.5th
    climatological percentiles and nearing October records for the
    first part of day 1 just of the CA coast. The depth of the system
    will allow for ample upper ascent and orographic lift throughout
    the Sierra Nevada, while decreasing snow levels from around 7000ft
    this morning to as low as 5500ft this evening under the upper low.
    Snow levels also drop to around 6000ft over the central NV ranges
    by Wednesday. The strong inland moisture surge ahead of the low and
    associated with an occluded/cold front will have IVT values around
    500 kg/m/s at the start of the forecast period and allow for
    moderate to heavy snow rates above the snow level. 00Z HREF mean
    snow rates are 1-2"/hr over the central/southern Sierra Nevada from
    12Z to 18Z today, with lingering bursts of 1"/hr snow possible
    over the central Sierra underneath the upper low through Tuesday
    night.

    WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high chances (40-80%) for at
    least 12" of additional snowfall after 12Z Tuesday above about
    8000ft and greatest across the southern Sierra and White/Inyo Mts
    just to the east. Probabilities through that time for >8" are also
    40-80% around 7000ft (including Donner Pass on I-80). The WSSI
    highlights Major Impacts for the High Sierra and remote central NV
    ranges with moderate impacts for most cross Sierra road passes.


    ...North-Central Rockies...
    Days 2-3...

    The low fills as it crosses the Great Basin, but remains closed as
    it crosses over WY on Thursday. Lee-side cyclogenesis forms over
    southeast WY Wednesday night with an increasing easterly component
    to the low level flow to aid moisture transport over the western WY
    ranges through Thursday morning with snow levels falling to around
    7000ft after starting above 9000ft on Wednesday. Overall, snowfall rates
    are not expected to be that great outside of an isolated convective
    shower in the highest terrain with mainly longer duration light-to-moderate snow through the forecast period. WPC probs for >8" snow in 72hr
    ending 12Z Friday are 60-90% for the Absarokas, Teton and Wind
    River Range, as well as the Uinta Mts in Utah mainly above
    10,000ft.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Snell





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 14 19:02:41 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 141902
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    302 PM EDT Tue Oct 14 2025

    Valid 00Z Wed Oct 15 2025 - 00Z Sat Oct 18 2025

    ...Sierra through the Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    An impressive closed low will reach peak intensity tonight just
    west of San Francisco before beginning to advect northeast on
    Wednesday. NAEFS height anomalies show 500mb percentiles dropping
    to below the 0.5th percentile rank in the CFSR climatology before
    slowly filling as the entire longwave trough moves across the Great
    Basin and then into the Rockies by Thursday. This trough is then
    progged to become an open wave by Friday morning as it exits into
    the Northern High Plains.

    Despite the slow weakening, impressive deep layer ascent will
    expand downstream of this evolution, as height falls, PVA, and a
    strengthening jet streak overlap to produce surface cyclogenesis.
    This low pressure will likely move steadily northeast across the
    Great Basin through Wednesday night before occluding, with
    secondary lee-cyclogenesis in CO likely on Thursday.

    Accompanying the primary closed low tonight into Wednesday,
    impressive moisture advection/IVT will push inland reflected by
    moderate probabilities (>60%) for 500 kg/m/s pushing into CA and
    NV. With snow levels falling beneath the upper low and behind the
    cold front accompanying the surface low, this will result in heavy
    snowfall, generally above 5500-6000 ft in the Sierra and into the
    terrain of Nevada where WPC probabilities for 8+ inches of snowfall
    are as high as 50%, with locally 12" or more possible (30%) in the
    Ruby Mountains of Nevada through D1.5. Briefly heavy snowfall
    rates exceeding 1"/hr are possible (30-50% chance) in the Sierra
    and higher terrain of Nevada D1 thanks to elevated instability and
    favorably placed ascent into the DGZ. With SLRs likely to be
    modest, this will result in at least some moderate impacts at
    elevated mountain passes tonight and Wednesday.

    Thereafter, the intensity of the snowfall and the impacts should
    decrease in response to weaker overall ascent, but heavy snow is
    likely to spread into parts of UT and WY, including the Wasatch,
    Uintas, and ranges around Yellowstone NP. Snow levels moderate at
    this time to, generally hovering around 7000 ft, but steep lapse
    rates beneath the mid-level trough could allow for some lowering to
    around 6000 ft during times of heavier snowfall as theta-e lapse
    rates fall to 0C/km at times suggesting convective snow shower
    potential, especially during periods of pronounced upslope into
    terrain features. WPC probabilities for 8+ inches on D2 are
    moderate to high in the Tetons, Wind Rivers, and highest terrain
    surrounding Yellowstone NP, but pass level snow should remain below
    6 inches. On D3, snow wanes quickly as the system ejects to the
    east, leaving just minimal additional accumulation across the
    higher terrain of NW WY.

    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 15 07:21:34 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 150721
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    321 AM EDT Wed Oct 15 2025

    Valid 12Z Wed Oct 15 2025 - 12Z Sat Oct 18 2025

    ...Central Great Basin & Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    A potent closed upper low, which impacted California and the Sierra
    to start the week is forecast to cross the central Great Basin
    today before lifting across the northern Rockies on Thursday. As it
    does so, it is also forecast to gradually weaken, but still
    provide ample broad scale upper ascent over the region. The
    greatest potential for moderate to locally heavy snow will likely
    be situated directly underneath the aforementioned upper low where
    the greatest lift and steepest lapse rates exist. The 00z HREF
    shows this potential for 1-2"/hr snowfall rates across the high
    terrain throughout north-central and northeast NV between 18Z-00Z
    today as snow levels drop as low as 7,000ft.

    For the northern Rockies, strong south-southwesterly upslope flow
    into the WY and UT mountain ranges will provide for more longevity
    of moderate high elevation snowfall ahead of the mid-upper low on
    Thursday. This includes the Tetons, Absarokas, Bighorns, Wind River
    Range, as well as the Wasatch and Uintas of UT. Snow levels will
    start out fairly high and around 9,000ft before dropping to around
    7,000ft for areas underneath the mid-upper low as it pushes
    northeastward. Snow should taper off by Thursday night as the
    system quickly exits into the northern Plains and dry northwesterly
    flow becomes the dominant regime again for the time being.

    WPC probabilities for at least 8 inches of snow for this event are moderate-to-high (50-80%) across the Ruby Mts of northeast NV, as
    well as many of the ranges surrounding Yellowstone NP, the WY
    Bighorns, and the Uintas of UT. Most of these higher probabilities
    reside over regions higher than 9,000ft in elevation.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Snell



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 15 19:50:59 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 151950
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    350 PM EDT Wed Oct 15 2025

    Valid 00Z Thu Oct 16 2025 - 00Z Sun Oct 19 2025

    ...Eastern Great Basin to North-Central Rockies...
    Day 1...

    Low pressure over south-central Nevada this afternoon will track
    northeast over UT tonight and Wyoming on Thursday. Slight weakening
    is expected, but it will remain a closed low. Ongoing banding
    along the deformation axis north of the low will persist over NV
    and UT through tonight (where 1-2"/hr snow rates about the 7000ft
    snow level are noted in the 12Z HREF over the Ruby in NV and the
    Wasatch and Uinta in UT) before shifting to the WY ranges (and
    northern Absarokas in southern MT) for Thursday where rates should
    be more in the 0.5 to 1"/hr range above a 7500ft snow level.

    Day 1 WPC PWPF (starting at 00Z tonight) for >8" snow 30-50% for
    the Ruby Mts of northeast NV, Uinta of UT, the Tetons, Wind River,
    Absarokas, and Bighorns in WY.


    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 3...

    An upper trough ejects from what is currently a low over the Gulf
    of Alaska and tracks down the northern Rockies of Montana and
    Wyoming late Friday through Saturday morning. This reinforcing
    trough will only have rather dry continental air to work with
    since it is in the wake of the system crossing Wyoming from
    southwest to northeast on Thursday. However, decent lift from the
    trough axis should allow some moderate snow rates Friday night
    through Saturday morning in terrain from around Glacier NP, eastern
    Absarokas, Bighorns, and even Laramie range. Day 3 PWPF for >2"
    are 20 to 50% over these ranges and closer to 70% for the Bighorns.
    Snow levels dip under the upper trough passage, to around 4000ft
    in northern MT, 5000ft in northern WY, and 6000ft in southern WY.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Jackson



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 16 06:18:23 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 160618
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    218 AM EDT Thu Oct 16 2025

    Valid 12Z Thu Oct 16 2025 - 12Z Sun Oct 19 2025

    ...North-Central Rockies...
    Day 1...

    Upper low over southwestern Wyoming this morning will continue to
    track northeastward into southeastern Montana by 00Z/17. Snow
    levels will be around 7000-8000ft over the region. Light to modest
    snow will continue over the Uintas and Absarokas/Wind River
    Range/Bighorns this morning before ending late this afternoon into
    the evening/overnight from southwest to northeast as the system
    moves into the Northern Plains. WPC probabilities for at least
    another 6 inches of snow after 12Z this morning are 20-50%.


    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 2...

    Shortwave out of western Canada will slip southeastward across the
    Northern Rockies Friday evening into Saturday morning, spreading
    light snow across Glacier NP, southwestern
    MT/Yellowstone/Absarokas, and into the Bighorns. WPC probabilities
    for at least another 4 inches of snow are low (10%).

    ...Pacific Northwest...
    Day 3...

    Pacific upper low will push into southwestern Canada with a strong
    130kt jet from southwest to northeast slowly sinking into the
    region. Snow levels will be quite high through 00Z Sun
    (6500-10,000ft across WA) but then start to crash through 12Z Sun
    (end of the period) to around 5000-6000ft over the WA Cascades. WPC probabilities for at least 6 inches of snow are low (10-40%) over
    the higher peaks of the Cascades through 12Z Sun.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.

    Fracasso

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 16 18:45:21 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 161845
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    245 PM EDT Thu Oct 16 2025

    Valid 00Z Fri Oct 17 2025 - 00Z Mon Oct 20 2025

    ...Northern/Central Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    The mid-level pattern becomes increasingly progressive through the
    weekend as the closed low which has brought prolonged unsettled
    weather to the region fills. As this feature becomes embedded in
    the more general westerlies by Friday night, it will leave pinched
    W/NW flow in its wake, through which two additional disturbances
    will race, producing transient periods of moderate to heavy
    snowfall across the higher elevations.

    On D1 /Thursday night and Friday/ some lingering mid-level moisture
    will remain across the terrain of NW WY in response to a departing
    surface low and increasing NW mid-level flow. While moisture is
    expected to erode quickly during this period, sufficient upslope
    flow into this moisture will result in periods of light to moderate
    snowfall before the DGZ dries and snow ends, especially across the
    Tetons and near Yellowstone NP, where WPC probabilities for an
    additional 2+ inches of snow are as high as 30-50%.

    After this first wave ejects to the east, a secondary shortwave
    will dive southeast rapidly on its heels. This impulse is likely to
    dig from southern British Columbia around 00Z/Friday to the
    Central High Plains by 00Z/Saturday. A pinched vorticity streamer
    accompanied by rapid sharpening of the 700mb wave will drive
    intense ascent, albeit of short duration, from the Northern Rockies
    through the terrain of WY. Although forcing will be quick,
    favorable overlap of omega into the DGZ combined with modest 0-2km
    fgen will likely result in a fluffier-than-normal snowfall with
    SLRs likely above climo but with briefly intense rates above 1"/hr.
    This will result in a few inches of snowfall as reflected by
    WPC probabilities that reach as high as 50% for 4+ inches across
    the Absarokas and Big Horns. Gusty winds will likely accompany
    this wave and some low-end probabilities (10-20%) for moderate
    blowing snow impacts from the WSSI-P move across the area during
    this time as well, indicating a threat for convective snow bursts
    or even an isolated snow squall Friday night.

    Thereafter, yet another wave, the third in the series, will
    approach the Pacific Northwest Coast and then dive into the
    Northern Rockies by the end of the period. This system will be more
    impressive with impressive height falls digging out of British
    Columbia leading to robust downstream IVT surging into the region
    80% chance for 250 kg/m/s reaching well into the interior West).
    With the accompanying WAA, snow levels will rise steadily to
    7000-8000 ft, but then crash with the accompanying cold front to
    around 5000 ft by 00Z Monday. This will result in varying snow
    levels with generally below climo SLR producing impacts due to snow
    load as reflected by the WSSI-P, but additional snowfall before the
    end of D3 is expected to be light and confined to the Northern
    Rockies near Glacier NP.


    ...Pacific Northwest...
    Day 3...

    A strong upper low (500mb heights dropping below the 10th
    climatological percentile according to NAEFS) will dig along the
    British Columbia coast driving height falls into the Pacific
    Northwest on Sunday. These height falls will be accompanied by
    vorticity streamers/PVA, and increasing LFQ diffluence as a jet
    streak pivots southward upstream of the primary trough axis.
    Together, this will result in increasing ascent into a moistening
    column thanks to IVT reaching above 500 kg/m/s (>80% chance) into
    coastal WA and OR. The result of this overlap will be an expanding
    area of precipitation, with snow likely becoming more widespread as
    snow levels fall through the day. Initially, snow should be
    confined to just the highest terrain of the Northern Cascades, but
    by the end of D3 snow levels fall to around 5000 ft (NBM 10th/25th
    percentiles seem reasonable due to strong ascent and steepening
    lapse rates) leading to more widespread snow and at least some
    impacts at the passes. WPC probabilities on Sunday at high (>70%)
    for more than 4 inches in the Northern Cascades above 6000 ft and
    in the higher peaks including Mt. Rainier.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 17 06:59:48 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 170659
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    259 AM EDT Fri Oct 17 2025

    Valid 12Z Fri Oct 17 2025 - 12Z Mon Oct 20 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 1...

    A 125kt jet along 50N into southwestern BC will dip down across
    the US/Canadian border as mid-level height falls push into western
    MT late this afternoon and overnight. A surface cold front will
    move quickly through the region with NW flow in its wake,
    supporting a broader area of light snow and some enhanced upslope-
    driven snow for the MT Absarokas and into the Bighorns. WPC
    probabilities of at least 4 inches of snow are about 20-60% above
    8000-9000ft.

    ...Pacific Northwest and Northern Rockies...
    Days 2-3...

    A buckled upper jet will move into the Pacific Northwest early
    Sunday, with a cold front and attendant atmospheric river of
    moisture aimed into the region from the southwest. High snow levels
    above 7000ft early Sunday (coincident with the heavier
    precipitation) will lower to just under 5000ft Sunday
    afternoon/evening as heights reach their lowest point in the fast
    flow. Snow will quickly spread from the WA Cascades eastward to the
    northern Rockies (western MT/Idaho into northwestern WY) as the
    cold front races eastward. WPC probabilities for at least 8 inches
    of snow days 2-3 are >50% above about 5000ft over the WA Cascades
    and around 6500ft in northwestern MT.

    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Fracasso


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 17 18:59:13 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 171859
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    259 PM EDT Fri Oct 17 2025

    Valid 00Z Sat Oct 18 2025 - 00Z Tue Oct 21 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 1...

    A fast moving 500mb shortwave trough at the nose of a 130kt jet
    streak will provide sufficient upper-level ascent aloft at the same
    time as a cold front passes through the northern Rockies tonight.
    The atmospheric column will be saturated enough to support light-
    to-moderate mountain snow along the Lewis Range, the Absaroka, and
    Big Horns tonight and into Saturday morning. Snow levels in the
    Lewis Range will hover as low as 6,000ft while the Absaroka and Big
    Horns are as low as 7,000ft. The heavier amounts in the Absaroka
    and Big Horns are more likely to be observed above 8,000ft with WPC probabilities suggest low-to-moderate chances (20-50%) for snowfall
    totals >4" through Saturday morning. Most of the Lewis Range will
    generally see minor accumulations (coating-3") through Saturday
    morning.

    ...Pacific Northwest and Northern Rockies...
    Days 2-3...

    A strong northeast Pacific low pressure system will direct its cold
    front and attendant atmospheric river at the Pacific Northwest on
    Saturday. The rich 850-500mb moisture field will spill over into
    western WA Saturday afternoon, then into the ID Panhandle and and
    northern Rockies Saturday night and into Sunday. The sternest lift
    at mid-to-upper levels of the atmosphere occurs late Saturday
    night and into Sunday as sharply decreasing height falls and 500mb
    PVA allows to heavier snowfall rates and lowering snow levels.
    While this jet stream pattern is supportive of mountain snow, the
    cold air in wake of the frontal passage is not exceptionally cold.
    For this reason, snow levels in the Cascades and Olympics may reach
    as low as 4,000ft but most passes should be just low enough in
    elevation to avoid the heavier snowfall totals that are expected
    at 5,000ft and up. WPC probabilities show moderate-to-high chances
    (50-80%) for snowfall >6" at elevations >5,000ft in the Cascades.
    Farther east, the Bitterroots, Lewis Range, Absaroka, and Tetons
    are forecast to see minor-to-moderate snowfall that lingers in
    parts of western MT through Monday morning. WPC probabilities show
    the Lewis Range above 6,000ft and the Absaroka above 8,000ft with
    the moderate-to-high chances (40-70%) for snowfall totals >6" by
    the time the event concludes Monday afternoon. Localized snowfall
    totals over 12" are possible in the tallest peaks of the Lewis
    Range and Absaroka.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Mullinax



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 18 06:55:11 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 180655
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    255 AM EDT Sat Oct 18 2025

    Valid 12Z Sat Oct 18 2025 - 12Z Tue Oct 21 2025


    ...Pacific Northwest and Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    A fairly amplified yet progressive pattern will take a strong
    Pacific low pressure system into British Columbia tonight in a
    weakening state. Its attendant cold front will promote a modest
    atmospheric river of moisture into the Pacific Northwest starting
    later this morning and progressing west to east into the northern
    Rockies tonight. Snow levels will start quite high as QPF
    increases, favoring the high Cascades initially. The cold front is
    forecast to come ashore coastal WA around 06Z Sun and usher in
    colder air aloft as snow levels crash to around 4500-5500ft (north
    to south) along the WA Cascades as QPF rates decrease. However,
    this will bring accumulating snow to the higher passes (e.g.,
    Washington Pass/SR-20, elevation 5477ft) before moisture moves out
    of the region around Monday morning. Into the northern Rockies,
    snow levels around 6000-8000ft will fall to around 5000ft as snow
    winds down later on Monday. The Bitterroots, Lewis Range, Absaroka,
    and Tetons are forecast to see minor-to-moderate snowfall amounts
    though some areas in NW MT may see over a foot (esp above 7000ft).
    WPC probabilities for at least 8 inches of snow days 1-2 are >50%
    above 5500ft or so and "plowable" snow (~2") down to around 4500ft
    in the WA Cascades.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.


    Fracasso

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 18 19:08:52 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 181908
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    308 PM EDT Sat Oct 18 2025

    Valid 00Z Sun Oct 19 2025 - 00Z Wed Oct 22 2025

    ...Pacific Northwest and Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    A large, yet weakening, northeast Pacific storm system will direct
    its cold front and attendant atmospheric river at the Pacific
    Northwest tonight and Sunday morning. ECMWF PWATs are above the
    90th percentile tonight and the IVT tops out around 800 kg/m/s.
    This same moisture source looks to spill over into eastern WA,
    northern ID, western MT, and northwest WY late tonight and into
    Sunday. The strongest lift at mid-upper levels occurs overnight and
    into Sunday morning as sharply decreasing heights and 500mb PVA
    allows for heavier snowfall rates (1-2"/hr in some cases) and
    falling snow levels. The cold front is expected to come ashore
    around 06Z tonight, which will coincide with a gradual decrease in
    QPF at the same time as snow levels steadily decrease to around
    5,000ft. Some of the higher passes (such as Washington Pass/SR-20,
    elevation 5,477ft) will be at risk of receiving hazardous snowfall accumulations tonight and through Sunday morning. Farther east,
    snow levels will range generally between 6,000-8,000ft (closer to
    6,000ft farther north, closer to 8,000ft in the Tetons and Wind
    River Range) but some areas as low as 5,000ft in the ID Panhandle
    and Lewis Range could see minor-to- moderate snowfall totals. Snow
    will linger into Sunday night for the Northern Rockies's ranges
    before tapering off Monday morning.

    WPC probabilities for >8" of snowfall are moderate-to-high (50-80%)
    in the northern WA Cascades and moderate (40-70%) in Bitterroots
    and Lewis Range above 6,000ft. Anywhere between 6-12" of snowfall
    is possible around Glacier Nat'l Park through Monday morning. The
    WSSI does show generally Moderate Impacts around the Glacier Nat'l
    Park, with some of the higher peaks potentially dealing with Major
    Impacts. Expect icy and hazardous travel conditions in the higher
    peaks of the Cascades and Northern Rockies.

    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.

    Mullinax



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 19 06:27:50 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 190627
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    227 AM EDT Sun Oct 19 2025

    Valid 12Z Sun Oct 19 2025 - 12Z Wed Oct 22 2025

    ...Pacific Northwest and Northern Rockies...
    Day 1...

    A cold front is moving quickly through Washington this morning
    with its moisture plume aimed at the Cascades. This front will
    continue to move eastward at a quick pace due to the progressive
    yet still amplified upper pattern. Well above normal moisture
    levels (PW anomalies >90th percentile) in the warm sector will
    favor high snow levels ahead of the front (>7000ft) coincident with
    the heavier QPF. This will limit snow accumulation to the highest
    mountain peaks before snow levels drop sharply behind the front to
    4500-5000ft. To the east, snow will spread across the northern
    Rockies (northern Idaho/northwest Montana and into western WY) this
    morning in advance of the cold front. High snow levels initially
    8000ft will fall to around 5000-6000ft this afternoon. The quick
    movement of the system will limit duration of the snow, and nearly
    all the snow will clear the area by late Monday morning.

    WPC probabilities for >8" of snowfall are >50% in the northern WA
    Cascades above about 5000ft and will include Washington Pass
    (SR-20) at nearly 5500ft elevation. To the east, WPC probabilities
    for >8" of snowfall are >50% in the Bitterroots and Lewis Range
    above 5000-6,000ft. Probabilities are lower over western Wyoming --
    generally <40%.


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.

    Fracasso



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 19 18:10:03 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 191809
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    209 PM EDT Sun Oct 19 2025

    Valid 00Z Mon Oct 20 2025 - 00Z Thu Oct 23 2025

    ...Pacific Northwest and Northern Rockies...
    Day 1...

    Radar and IR satellite composite are doing a great job with
    identification of the progressive cold front migrating through the
    interior Northwest CONUS with snow likely falling in-of the Lewis
    and Bitterroot ranges this morning. Frontal progression will
    continue to move swiftly to the southeast with frontal proxy
    likely to encounter the Absaroka down through the Wind River Range
    by later this afternoon and evening leading to crashing snow levels
    and eventual snowfall. High snow levels will initially begin
    8000ft, falling to around 5000-6000ft in wake of the front cold
    front. The quick movement of the system will limit duration of the
    snow, but periods of moderate to heavy snow will still induce a
    relatively solid accumulation before shutting off from northwest
    to southeast overnight, clearing the area by late Monday morning.

    WPC probabilities for >8" of snowfall are between 50-80% in the
    Bitterroots and Lewis Range above 5000-6,000ft. Probabilities are
    lower over western Wyoming -- generally <40% with the strongest
    signals targeted >8000ft. Highest totals will be focused over the
    Lewis Range where >12" hovers between 40-70% probability just south
    of Glacier National to the east of Flathead National Forest.

    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.

    Kleebauer/Fracasso






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 20 05:52:03 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 200551
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    151 AM EDT Mon Oct 20 2025

    Valid 12Z Mon Oct 20 2025 - 12Z Thu Oct 23 2025

    ...Northern Rockies...
    Day 1...

    At the start of the period this morning, the upper trough axis
    will be exiting the Rockies with heights building in quickly this
    afternoon to Montana/Wyoming. Lingering mainly upslope-driven snow
    this morning will end by the afternoon over parts of western
    Montana into the Big/Little Belts, Absarokas, and Bighorns. WPC
    probabilities for at least an additional 4 inches of snow are
    20-60% here and some high mountains peaks could see another 6
    inches of snow.

    Elsewhere, light snow is expected over the CO Rockies this morning
    near the cold front before ending this afternoon. No appreciable
    snow is expected until Wednesday over the Sierra as an upper low
    moves ashore but snow levels there will be very high (>9000ft).


    The probability of significant freezing rain across CONUS is less
    than 10 percent.

    Fracasso



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 20 18:00:34 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 201800
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    200 PM EDT Mon Oct 20 2025

    Valid 00Z Tue Oct 21 2025 - 00Z Fri Oct 24 2025

    The probability of significant snow and ice across the CONUS is
    less than 10 percent.

    Kleebauer


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 21 06:30:08 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 210629
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    229 AM EDT Tue Oct 21 2025

    Valid 12Z Tue Oct 21 2025 - 12Z Fri Oct 24 2025

    ...CO Rockies...
    Day 3...

    An upper low in the Pacific (southwest of California) will move
    into the Golden State on Wednesday, bringing some light snow to the
    high Sierra (above 9500ft). On Thursday, it will cross through the
    Four Corners region with antecedent LFQ jet ascent over
    southwestern to central Colorado. Moisture levels will rise just a
    bit to around +1 sigma (PW values 0.4-0.5 inches) though snow
    levels will be high -- >10,000ft to start then decreasing overnight
    Thursday into Friday morning to around 9500ft. At the end of this
    forecast period, the upper low will likely be centered over south
    central CO with snow continuing but starting to wind down. WPC
    probabilities for at least 6 inches of snow are at least 40% above
    11,000ft. This will likely impact high passes such as
    I-70/Eisenhower Tunnel.



    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Fracasso



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 21 19:37:02 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 211936
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    336 PM EDT Tue Oct 21 2025

    Valid 00Z Wed Oct 22 2025 - 00Z Sat Oct 25 2025

    ...High Sierra Nevada...
    Day 1.5...

    An upper low off southern CA coast tracks over the southern Sierra
    Nevada Wednesday. Snow levels dip to around 9500ft under the low
    Wednesday afternoon with moderate snow rates (up to an inch per
    hour according to the 12Z HREF) and 20-30% Day 1.5 snow
    probabilities for >6" in the High Sierra mainly Wednesday
    afternoon.


    ...Colorado Rockies...
    Day 2.5...

    The upper low southwest of California this afternoon will track
    east to the Four Corners through Thursday before slowing and
    opening into a trough over the Southern Rockies through Friday. A
    decent plume of Pacific moisture streaming ahead of the low will
    allow moderate precipitation rates with snow levels around 10,000ft
    over the CO Rockies Thursday afternoon and evening. Day 2.5 WPC
    probabilities for >6" are 20-50% in the northern San Juans as well
    as the Elk Mtns, Sawatch Range, and Mosquito Range in central
    Colorado, including high passes such as I-70/Eisenhower Tunnel.


    ...North Cascades...
    Day 3...

    A brief shortwave trough passage midday Wednesday brings snow
    levels down to 7000ft over the North Washington Cascades. A much
    more expansive and stronger trough approaches the Pacific Northwest
    coast on Friday with high snow levels in the initial moisture
    surge, but dropping to around 6000ft by Friday afternoon. Heavy
    snow can be expected Friday on the highest Washington Cascade
    peaks.



    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Jackson



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 22 06:24:37 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 220624
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    224 AM EDT Wed Oct 22 2025

    Valid 12Z Wed Oct 22 2025 - 12Z Sat Oct 25 2025

    ...High Sierra Nevada...
    Day 1...

    An upper low just southwest of Southern California this morning
    will move inland and cross the southern Sierra Nevada this evening,
    brining some light snow to the high mountains. Snow levels around
    10,000ft will only fall to around 9500ft as the upper low passes
    through. WPC probabilities for at least 6 inches of snow are low
    (10-30%) above 10,000-10,500ft.


    ...Colorado Rockies...
    Day 2...

    On Thursday, the CA upper low will track into the Four Corners
    region with some broad jet-divergence atop a moistening mid/lower-
    layer. PWs will climb to near 0.50 inches with upslope-driven snow
    into the San Juans northward to the central CO ranges. Snow levels
    will be high -- 11,000ft to start on Thursday then falling to
    around 9500ft Friday morning as the upper low moves. Still, this
    will affect the high mountain passes such as I-70/Eisenhower
    Tunnel. WPC probabilities for at least 6 inches of snow are >50%
    above about 11,000ft. The highest peaks in the Sawatch Range
    12,000ft) may see more than 8-10 inches of snow (30-60% chance).


    ...Northern Cascades...
    Day 3...

    Deep Northeastern Pacific trough on Friday will strong cold front
    into WA and OR. Higher snow levels ahead of the front (6000-7000ft)
    will sharply drop overnight into early Saturday to around
    5000-6000ft (north to south along the WA to OR Cascades). WPC
    probabilities for at least 6 inches of snow through 12Z Sat are
    50% above about 6000ft in the WA Cascades with more snow to follow
    into the weekend.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Fracasso


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 22 18:54:29 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 221854
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    254 PM EDT Wed Oct 22 2025

    Valid 00Z Thu Oct 23 2025 - 00Z Sun Oct 26 2025

    ...Colorado Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    On Thursday, an upper low over CA tracks into the Four Corners
    region with some broad jet-divergence atop a moistening mid/lower-
    layer. PWs will climb to near 0.50 inches with upslope-driven snow
    into the San Juans northward to the central CO ranges. Snow levels
    will be high, around 11,000ft, to start on Thursday then falling to
    around 9000ft Friday morning as the upper low moves overhead.
    While snow levels will generally be high enough to avoid producing
    snow within the valleys below 9,000ft, this will affect the high
    mountain passes such as I-70/Eisenhower Tunnel. WPC probabilities
    for at least 6 inches of snow are >50% above about 11,000ft. The
    highest peaks in the Sawatch Range (>12,000ft) may see more than
    8-10 inches of snow (30-60% chance).

    ...Northern Cascades...
    Day 3...

    A deep Northeastern Pacific trough will direct a strong cold front
    and attendant atmospheric river into WA and OR on Friday that
    persists through Saturday. Embedded within the longwave trough are
    two shortwave disturbances that will foster strong vertical ascent
    via 500mb PVA Friday night and again on Saturday. Higher snow
    levels ahead of the front (6000-7000ft) will sharply drop overnight
    into early Saturday to around 5000-6000ft (north to south along
    the WA to OR Cascades) as mid-upper level height falls ensue Friday
    night. By the time the core of the upper trough makes it over
    western WA, snow levels over the Olympics are expected to dip to
    just below 4,000ft AGL, with snow levels along the Cascades between 4,000-4,500ft. Snow levels should dip below 4,000ft along the
    Cascades by Saturday evening, making possible for light
    accumulations along some of the WA Cascade passes. WPC
    probabilities for at least 4 inches of snow through 00Z Sunday are
    50% above about 6000ft in the WA Cascades with more snow to
    follow into the weekend.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Fracasso/Mullinax





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 23 07:06:06 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 230705
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    305 AM EDT Thu Oct 23 2025

    Valid 12Z Thu Oct 23 2025 - 12Z Sun Oct 26 2025

    ...Colorado Rockies...
    Day 1...

    A compact upper low will traverse the Four Corners today, pushing
    height falls and accompanying modest mid-level diverge into
    Colorado through tonight. This ascent will work into moistening
    low-levels as SW flow pushes PWs to above the 90th percentile (in
    some places above the 95th percentile) of the CFSR climatology. The
    combination of synoptic lift and periodic upslope flow into this
    saturating column will drive periods of moderate snowfall into the
    terrain of the Colorado Rockies. The combination of high snow
    levels (generally 10,000 - 11,000 ft) with modest total ascent and
    peak precipitation occurring during daytime hours should limit
    overall snowfall. However, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at
    least 4 additional inches of snow in the higher terrain, especially
    across the Sawatch and Mosquito Ranges where locally 12" of snow is
    possible (10-30% chance).


    ...Pacific and Interior Northwest...
    Days 2-3...

    An active pattern begins in the Northwest starting late Friday and
    persists through the weekend as an atmospheric river (AR) surges
    into the Pacific Northwest and then spreads moisture inland.

    This AR will be created by an impressive mid and upper level trough
    which will amplify over the Northeast Pacific ocean and then shunt
    southeast, reaching the coast by Sunday morning. There is very good
    agreement amongst both the ECENS and GEFS members for resulting IVT
    approaching 750 kg/m/s pushing onshore D2, suggesting a strong AR
    event for the region. As this AR pushes southeast in response to
    the approach of the trough, forcing for ascent will additionally
    increase through resultant height falls/divergence downstream of
    the primary trough, and thanks to an accelerating upper jet streak
    placing favorable LFQ diffluence into the Northwest on Saturday. At
    the same time, this evolution will drive a frontal wave and
    associated cold front eastward into the Northern Rockies by
    Saturday morning, with a secondary impulse traversing the region
    during D3. Together, this will produce a long period of moderate to
    robust ascent, with lowering snow levels.

    Initially, snow levels during D2 will be generally 6000-7000 ft, so
    above all but the highest passes. However, a rapid fall in snow
    levels behind the first front will combine with steepening lapse
    rates beneath the upper trough and impressive mid-level confluence,
    suggesting intense ascent into favorable upslope terrain. This
    should allow for snow levels to crash, and the NBM indicates snow
    levels falling to as low as 3500 ft in the Cascades and 4500 ft in
    the Northern Rockies by 12Z/Sunday. It is possible with the strong
    ascent and steep lapse rates, snow levels will be even lower than
    that, reflected by NBM 10th percentile snow levels falling to 2500
    ft/4000 ft, respectively. This will be accompanied by climbing
    SLRs, with early season, abov-climo SLR likely the latter half of
    the event.

    With the incoming AR, snowfall probabilities gradually increase and
    expand across the region. For D2, WPC probabilities for more than 4
    inches are above 50% only in the highest peaks of the Cascades.
    However, during D3 as moisture expands and snow levels crash, WPC
    probabilities for 4+ inches reach above 70% across much of the WA
    and OR Cascades above 4000 ft, and extend into portions of the
    Salmon River and Sawtooth Ranges as well. Additionally, as snow
    levels crash, several inches of snowfall will create hazardous
    travel at many of the Cascade Passes including Stevens, Washington,
    and Santiam Passes


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Weiss


    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 23 19:08:42 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 231908
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    308 PM EDT Thu Oct 23 2025

    Valid 00Z Fri Oct 24 2025 - 00Z Mon Oct 27 2025

    ...Colorado Rockies...
    Day 1...

    A compact upper low traversing the Central Rockies this afternoon
    and overnight will result in height falls and modest mid-level
    divergence over Colorado. The increased vertical velocities within
    the atmospheric column will work to moisten low-levels as SW flow
    pushes PWs above the 90th percentile (some places above the 95th
    percentile) of the CFSR climatology. The combination of synoptic
    lift and periodic upslope flow into this saturating column will
    drive periods of moderate snowfall into the terrain of the Colorado
    Rockies. The combination of high snow levels (generally 10,000 -
    11,000 ft) with modest total ascent and peak precipitation
    occurring during daytime hours should limit overall snowfall.
    However, WPC probabilities are moderate-to-high (40-70%) for at
    least 4 additional inches of snow in the higher terrain, especially
    across the Sawatch and Mosquito Ranges where locally 12" of snow
    is possible (10-30% chance).


    ...Pacific and Interior Northwest...
    Days 2-3...

    An active pattern begins in the Northwest starting late Friday and
    persists through the weekend as an atmospheric river (AR) surges
    into the Pacific Northwest and then spreads moisture inland.

    This AR develops due to an impressive mid and upper level trough
    amplifying over the Northeast Pacific ocean that becomes shunt
    southeast, reaching the Pacific Northwest coast by Sunday morning.
    Both the ECENS and GEFS members depict an IVT approaching 750
    kg/m/s pushing onshore on Friday, suggesting a strong AR event is
    likely to impact the region. As the AR pushes southeast in response
    to the approach of the trough, forcing for ascent will
    additionally increase through resultant height falls/divergence
    downstream of the primary trough, and thanks to an accelerating
    upper jet streak placing favorable LFQ diffluence into the
    Northwest on Saturday. At the same time, this evolution will drive
    a frontal wave and associated cold front eastward into the Northern
    Rockies by Saturday morning, with a secondary impulse traversing
    the region during D3. Together, this will produce a long period of
    moderate to robust ascent, with lowering snow levels.

    Initially, snow levels during D2 will be generally 6000-7000 ft, so
    above all but the highest passes. However, a rapid fall in snow
    levels behind the first front will combine with steepening lapse
    rates beneath the upper trough and impressive mid-level confluence,
    suggesting intense ascent into favorable upslope terrain. This
    should allow for snow levels to crash, and the NBM indicates snow
    levels falling to as low as 3500 ft in the Cascades and 4500 ft in
    the Northern Rockies by 12Z/Sunday. It is possible with the strong
    ascent and steep lapse rates, snow levels will be even lower than
    that, reflected by NBM 10th percentile snow levels falling to 2500
    ft/4000 ft, respectively. This will be accompanied by climbing
    SLRs, with early season, abov-climo SLR likely the latter half of
    the event.

    With the incoming AR, snowfall probabilities gradually increase and
    expand across the region. For D2, WPC probabilities for >6" are
    above 50% only in the highest peaks of the Cascades. However,
    during D3 as moisture expands and snow levels crash, WPC
    probabilities for 6"+ exceed 70% across much of the WA and OR
    Cascades above 4000 ft, and extend into portions of the Salmon
    River and Sawtooth Ranges as well. Additionally, as snow levels
    crash, several inches of snowfall will create hazardous travel at
    many of the Cascade Passes including Stevens, Washington, and
    Santiam Passes.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Weiss/Mullinax





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 24 07:57:10 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 240757
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    357 AM EDT Fri Oct 24 2025

    Valid 12Z Fri Oct 24 2025 - 12Z Mon Oct 27 2025


    ...Pacific Northwest through the Central Rockies...
    Days 2-3...

    Complex mid-level evolution will result in active weather expanding
    across the Northwest and eventually into the Central Rockies
    through the weekend.

    The primary driver of this development will be an anomalous and
    persistent 500mb low over the Northeast Pacific that will gradually
    advect east to come onshore near the Olympic Peninsula Sunday
    morning. Downstream of this feature and before the onshore
    movement, impressive and pinched SW flow will funnel an atmospheric
    river (AR) into the Northeast characterized by IVT which may exceed
    750 kg/m/s (50-70% chance). This will rapidly moisten the
    atmospheric column, and as forcing for ascent increases through
    height falls, PVA, and the LFQ of an accompanying Pacific jet
    streak, periods of moderate to heavy rainfall will result from
    Friday night through Sunday night. There are modest discrepancies
    among the various deterministic models and accompanying ensembles,
    but in general the consensus is good for significant rainfall
    across much of the Pacific Northwest, with moisture spilling well
    eastward Saturday night, with a second round possible Sunday night
    as a secondary, more zonally oriented and weaker, AR pivots
    eastward.

    Initially, the pronounced SW flow will warm the column such that
    snow levels are above most passes (6000-8000 ft). However, a cold
    front accompanying the first wave embedded within the AR (or just
    behind it) will combine with the height falls to crash snow levels
    to as low as 4000 ft by Saturday morning in the Pacific Northwest,
    with the advection of this cold front eastward driving snow levels
    down to 4000-4500 ft in the Northern Rockies by Sunday morning. The
    secondary surge of moisture and continued cooling as a low pressure
    moves into British Columbia will help drive snow levels down even
    further late D2 into D3, with the NBM featuring mean snow levels as
    low as 3000 ft late Sunday in the Pacific Northwest (rising to
    around 5000 ft in WY). However, despite forcing weakening during
    this time, steep lapse rates may allow precipitation to drag cold
    air even further down towards the surface, so once again the
    NBM10th percentile for snow level, around 2500 ft in WA to around
    3500 ft in MT/WY may be more realistic as the level for at least
    minor accumulating snow and accompanying transportation impacts.

    This will be a long-lasting event that will occur in waves, so
    impacts will be drawn out, and the heaviest snow is likely where
    upslope flow is most pronounced. Day 1 /Friday and Friday night/ is
    likely to be the quietest of the period and WPC probabilities for
    4+ inches are modest (just 10-20%) and confined to the highest WA
    Cascades. By D2, however, precipitation and snowfall become much
    more expansive, and WPC probabilities become high (>70%) for 6+
    inches along the spine of the WA and OR Cascades, and spill over
    into the Sawtooth/Salmon River range of ID, primarily above 5000
    ft. During D3 as the snow levels fall more considerably, WPC
    probabilities for an additional 6+ inches continue above 70% in
    much of these same areas, and expand into the NW WY ranges as well.
    With snow levels falling, impacts to the passes become more notable
    late D2 into D3 as well, with moderate impacts likely across the
    Cascades including at Santiam and Stevens Passes.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Weiss



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 24 19:30:01 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 241929
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    329 PM EDT Fri Oct 24 2025

    Valid 00Z Sat Oct 25 2025 - 00Z Tue Oct 28 2025


    ...Pacific Northwest through the Central Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    A deep low remains over the Gulf of Alaska through Saturday night.
    An initial shortwave trough, which has been directing an
    atmospheric river (AR) into eastern OR/WA today, crosses the coast
    this evening bringing rapidly falling heights and cooler
    conditions. Snow levels drop from around 8000ft currently to around
    5000ft on the OR/WA Cascades by 06Z with heavy snow limited to the
    higher Cascades. The QPF will then have brief reprieve overnight
    from minor ridging ahead of the main shortwave trough axis that
    crosses the OR/WA coast midday Saturday. The second surge in
    moisture arrives as a thump Saturday morning ahead of that second
    axis with snow levels around 4000ft in WA, 5000ft in OR, and 7000ft
    in northern CA and the Sawtooths of ID which are in the AR axis.
    This surge then progresses inland, reaching the MT Rockies Saturday
    evening and overnight for the western WY Rockies.

    A third shortwave trough axis crosses the OR/WA coast midday Sunday
    with slow ridging then through Monday in continued onshore flow.
    Snow levels decline through Sunday, reaching 3500ft from WA through
    western MT, 4500ft from OR through northwest WY, and about 5000ft
    in northern CA. Therefore this will be a long- lasting event with
    drawn- out impacts. The heaviest snow is expected on the Cascades
    which are orthogonal to the onshore flow. Moderate impacts become
    likely across the higher Cascades passes including Stevens and
    Santiam Saturday night.

    Day 1.5 (Saturday/Saturday night) WPC snow probabilities for >12"
    are 40-70% for the higher Cascades and Sawtooths with similar
    percentages for >24" in the highest Cascades.

    Day 2.5 probs for an additional >6" are 40-70% for the Cascades,
    Bitterroots and Sawtooths, as well as the Absarokas/Tetons, and
    Wind Rivers. Snow levels decrease to around 7000ft in southern
    WY/northern CO Sunday night with moderate rates and Day 3 snow
    probs of 20-40% in the Park Range of CO.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Jackson


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 25 08:18:19 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 250818
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    418 AM EDT Sat Oct 25 2025

    Valid 12Z Sat Oct 25 2025 - 12Z Tue Oct 28 2025


    ...Pacific Northwest through the Central Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    The core of the atmospheric river (AR) which has been progged to
    lift into the Northwest for several days now will be advecting
    onshore this morning and dropping south into CA and the Great Basin
    through the day. IVT exceeding 500 kg/m/s is likely (>70% chance)
    which will also be above the the 99th percentile according to NAEFS
    within a narrow channel focused from CA into the Northern Rockies.

    Into this moistening column, ascent will maximize downstream of the
    primary upper low which will track northeast into British Columbia
    tonight. South of the core of this low, impressively confluent
    mid-level flow will help persist moisture advection such that much
    of the region will experience above normal PWs leading to periods
    of moderate to heavy precipitation as height falls, PVA, and
    diffluence combine atop the area. This will yield two round of
    heavy precipitation, the first today, and the second Sunday aftn
    and Sunday night in response to secondary shortwave energy lifting
    onshore near Oregon. Although there continue to be intensity
    differences among the various global guidance, the end result in a
    long period of heavy precipitation, with snow becoming more
    widespread as snow levels crash.

    Initially, snow levels will remain high, generally around 7000 ft
    within the core of the AR, but falling to 4000-5000 ft behind the
    accompanying cold front and in response to the associated height
    falls. Snow levels will then continue to drop on Sunday with the
    secondary shortwave energy, becoming as low as 3500 ft in the
    Cascades and 4500 ft farther south and east. However, with steep
    lapse rates and periods of impressive omega, cold air could be
    dragged down by heavy precipitation rates (snowfall rates above
    1"/hr at times) such that accumulating snow may occur as low as
    2500-3000 ft, or near the NBM 10th percentile. This will enhance
    the areal footprint of snowfall, and also lead to more widespread
    pass level impacts Saturday night and Sunday.

    The heaviest and most widespread snowfall this period is expected
    today through Sunday. For today, WPC probabilities are high (>70%)
    for 6+ inches of snow across the spine of the Cascades of OR and
    WA, as well as into the higher terrain of the Olympics and Sawtooth
    ranges. Locally, 1-2 feet of snow is likely in the highest terrain.
    During D2, the snow intensity begins to wane across the Pacific and
    Interior Northwest, although WPC probabilities suggest a moderate
    to high chance (40-70%) for an additional 6+ inches in many of
    these same areas. However, in general the heaviest snowfall is
    expected to shift into the area around Yellowstone NP including the
    Wind River and Teton ranges where WPC probabilities for 8+ inches
    of snow on D2 peak above 70%. With snow levels falling late D1 and
    through D2, pass-level impacts are likely with significant snowfall accumulations probable at both Stevens and Santiam Passes.

    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 25 19:42:11 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 251941
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    341 PM EDT Sat Oct 25 2025

    Valid 00Z Sun Oct 26 2025 - 00Z Wed Oct 29 2025


    ...Pacific Northwest to the Central Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    Main shortwave trough axis rounding low from deep Gulf of Alaska
    low is crossing the OR/WA coast this afternoon. Snow levels are
    quickly dropping to around 4500ft over the Cascades and will drop
    to around 5000ft over the Northern Rockies this evening. A
    reinforcing shortwave trough axis crosses the OR/WA coast Sunday
    morning with continued onshore flow with decreasing precip rates
    then through Sunday night.

    Heavy snow rates of 1-2"/hr persist through tonight along the
    Cascades per the 12Z HREF which combined with snow levels dropping
    to around 3500ft should result in moderate winter weather impacts
    for most mountain passes in the Cascades tonight. One to two feet
    of snow should occur tonight in the Cascades well above pass level.

    The precipitation focus shifts inland Sunday with moderate to
    locally heavy rates in terrain of the northern Rockies (MT/ID/WY)
    persisting into Monday morning. Snow levels will be around 3500ft
    in the Bitterroots and north, around 5000ft in the Sawtooths of ID,
    and 5500ft around Yellowstone. Day 1.5 snow probabilities for >6"
    are 30-60% through these ranges and over 80% in the Wind River in
    WY.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Jackson



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 26 09:00:35 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 260900
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    500 AM EDT Sun Oct 26 2025

    Valid 12Z Sun Oct 26 2025 - 12Z Wed Oct 29 2025


    ...Pacific Northwest to the Central Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    The primary shortwave axis will be positioned well inland, near
    the Northern Rockies, to begin the period /12Z Sunday/, but a
    secondary impulse and accompanying surface wave will move onshore
    near the OR/CA border this evening. The accompanying pinched and
    confluent mid-level flow will continue to advect higher moisture
    onshore, leading to a second wave of heavy precipitation moving
    from the Cascades early today into the Northern Rockies by early
    Monday.

    This second wave of precipitation will occur behind the primary
    cold front, and during a period of continued height falls, so snow
    levels will fall steadily through D1. The latest NBM snow level
    forecasts have trended downward, reaching as low as 2000 ft in the
    eastern Cascades, to around 3500 ft in parts of OR/MT/ID. This will
    occur in tandem with waves of precipitation, such that even though precipitation intensity may be less than what occurred Saturday,
    pass level impacts will be more substantial due to the lower snow
    levels. This wave moves quickly east, however, and by Monday night precipitation should generally wane across the region.

    WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for 6+ inches across the Cascades
    and into portions of the Salmon River ranges D1 before waning
    quickly during D2. Passes will likely become hazardous D1 due to
    low snow levels, especially around Stevens and Santiam Passes in
    the Cascades.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 26 19:40:12 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 261939
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    339 PM EDT Sun Oct 26 2025

    Valid 00Z Mon Oct 27 2025 - 00Z Thu Oct 30 2025


    ...Cascades and Northern/Central Rockies...
    Day 1...

    The third and final shortwave trough axis with the troughing over
    the Northwest the past couple of days is pushing over the OR coast
    this afternoon. This axis reaches central MT by 18Z Monday and will
    provide the focus for moderate to locally heavy snow over the
    Cascades and northern Rockies that mainly tapers off for the
    Cascades Monday morning and Monday evening for the northern
    Rockies. Snow levels drop further under this trough, to around
    3000ft in the WA Cascades tonight and the Bitterroots Monday
    morning, and around 3500ft in the OR Cascades through Sawtooths of
    ID and around Yellowstone (Absarokas, Tetons, Wind River) and about
    4500ft for the Bighorns.

    Day 1 WPC probabilities are high (50-80%) for >8" for the Tetons,
    southern Absarokas, Wind River, and Bighorns while moderate
    (40-60%) for >6" for the higher Cascades, Blue Mtns of OR,
    Bitterroots and Lewis Range, Uinta of UT and the Medicine Bow/Park
    Range along the WY/CO border.

    Lee-side troughing should allow some higher elevation snow in
    eastern WY and the Black Hills Monday evening.


    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 3...

    A potent, but progressive low pushes across the BC coast Tuesday
    night with a trough axis extending south over Washington State.
    High snow levels around 8000ft Tuesday afternoon in the elevated
    moisture plume quickly crash to around 4500ft by the time the
    trough crosses and precip cuts off. Day 3 snow probabilities for
    6" are 20-40% around North Cascades NP.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Jackson



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 27 07:35:41 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 270735
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    335 AM EDT Mon Oct 27 2025

    Valid 12Z Mon Oct 27 2025 - 12Z Thu Oct 30 2025


    ...Northern/Central Rockies...
    Day 1...

    Persistent moisture on confluent west to east flow impinging into
    the Northwest will be acted upon by height falls/PVA through the
    last in this series of shortwaves moving from ID into MT and WY
    today into tonight. This feature will be quickly followed by
    shortwave ridging in its wake, bringing an end to precipitation by
    the end of D1. Snow levels will remain relatively low, around 3500
    ft west, 4500 ft east, with several inches of snowfall likely above
    these levels, leading to at least scattered pass level impacts.
    WPC probabilities D1 indicate a high chance (>70%) for additional
    snowfall above 6" in the Tetons and Big Horns, with light snow
    accumulating to a few inches likely in the CO Rockies, the
    Northern Rockies, and even into the higher Black Hills.


    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 2...

    A potent, but progressive low pushes across the BC coast Tuesday
    night with a trough axis extending south over Washington State. A
    brief period of enhanced moisture noted in regional soundings will
    result in transient but heavy precipitation, driven by a narrow
    corridor of intense 700-600mb fgen late Tuesday night. The
    strongest fgen appears to efficiently intersect the DGZ, which will
    deepen as colder air floods eastward behind the accompanying
    shortwave. While the heaviest precip will likely occur with snow
    levels around 8000 ft limiting pass-level impacts, they will crash
    quickly, aided by the heavy precipitation rates, to around 4500 ft
    before precipitation wanes. This results in WPC probabilities for
    more than 4" of snow reaching 70-90% across the highest terrain of
    the WA Cascades, with a few inches of snow likely at Washington
    Pass.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 27 18:55:15 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 271855
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    255 PM EDT Mon Oct 27 2025

    Valid 00Z Tue Oct 28 2025 - 00Z Fri Oct 31 2025


    ...Northern/Central Rockies...
    Day 1...

    Remaining moisture on the backside of a departing trough will
    wring out a few more inches of snow tonight over northwestern
    Montana where WPC probabilities for at least another 4 inches of
    snow after 00Z/28 are low (<40%).


    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 2...

    A rapidly-deepening and strong closed low over the northeastern
    Pacific tonight/Tuesday will start to weaken as it moves ashore
    British Columbia tomorrow night. Mild temperatures will flood the
    Pacific Northwest ahead of the cold front with snow levels as high
    as 8000-9000ft 06Z Wednesday. However, snow levels will crash quite
    smartly by 12Z as precipitation starts to decrease and end by the
    conclusion of day 2 (00Z/30). There will be a brief but impressive
    period of heavy snow invading lower elevations (down to about
    4500ft) which will impact the higher Washington Pass/SR-20. WPC
    probabilities for at least six inches of snow are >50% above about
    5000ft depending on how quickly snow levels fall coincident with
    moderate QPF.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Fracasso



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 28 06:59:24 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 280659
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    259 AM EDT Tue Oct 28 2025

    Valid 12Z Tue Oct 28 2025 - 12Z Fri Oct 31 2025


    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 1...

    A potent surface low will slowly weaken as it lifts into British
    Columbia tonight. Downstream of this feature, impressively
    confluent and warm mid-level flow will surge elevated PWs northeast
    into the Cascades, with snow levels rising to around 8000 ft.
    However, as the attendant cold front drapes into WA/OR late
    tonight, it will be accompanied by falling snow levels and
    impressive mid-level fgen into a deepening DGZ. This suggests that precipitation will gradually transition from rain to a brief but
    intense period of heavy snow reflected by HREF snowfall rate
    probabilities peaking above 70% for 1"/hr. Snow levels falling to
    around 4500 ft may actually be realized a bit lower than that due
    to the intensity of this snowfall dragging down colder air, so the
    higher passes such as Washington Pass will likely experience
    hazardous travel. Total snowfall is likely to be generally modest,
    but WPC probabilities indicate a moderate risk (50% chance) of more
    than 6 inches in the highest terrain of the northern WA Cascades,
    with a few inches likely at Washington Pass.

    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 28 19:50:26 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 281950
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    350 PM EDT Tue Oct 28 2025

    Valid 00Z Wed Oct 29 2025 - 00Z Sat Nov 01 2025


    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 1...

    Forecast thinking remains mostly unchanged as a potent surface low
    is forecast to slowly weaken as it lifts into British Columbia
    tonight. Downstream of this feature, impressively confluent and
    warm mid-level flow will surge elevated PWs northeast into the
    Cascades, with snow levels rising to around 8000 ft within the
    pre-frontal airmass. However, as the attendant cold front drapes
    into WA/OR late tonight, it will be accompanied by falling snow
    levels and impressive 700-500 mb frontogenesis superimposed with a
    deepening DGZ. This suggests that precipitation will gradually
    transition from rain to a brief but intense period of heavy
    mountain snow, reflected by 12z HREF snowfall rate probabilities
    now above 80% for 1"/hr in the 8-10z timeframe. Snow levels falling
    to around 4500 ft may actually be realized a bit lower than that
    due to the intensity of this snowfall dragging down colder air, so
    the higher passes such as Washington Pass will likely experience
    hazardous travel. Total snowfall is likely to be generally modest,
    but WPC probabilities of more than 6 inches have increased since
    the previous to 80-90% in the highest terrain of the northern WA
    Cascades, with a few inches likely at Washington Pass.

    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Asherman/Weiss





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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 29 05:41:02 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 290540
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    140 AM EDT Wed Oct 29 2025

    Valid 12Z Wed Oct 29 2025 - 12Z Sat Nov 01 2025


    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 3...

    An impressive shortwave will again lift towards British Columbia
    late Friday and Friday night, channeling moisture within confluent
    SW mid-level flow into the Pacific Northwest. Both IVT and PW
    anomalies from NAEFS are progged to exceed the 97th percentile
    within the CFSR climatology, suggesting that precipitation may
    become heavy very late on D3. However, the accompanying WAA driving
    this moisture plume northeastward will surge snow levels to
    8000-9000 ft, and any cold advection associated with a surface
    front will be delayed until beyond this forecast period. Still,
    some high elevation snow is likely in the northern WA Cascades,
    reflected by WPC probabilities reaching up to 50% for 6+ inches,
    but impacts should remain above pass level into Saturday.

    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Weiss








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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 29 19:49:42 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 291949
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    349 PM EDT Wed Oct 29 2025

    Valid 00Z Thu Oct 30 2025 - 00Z Sun Nov 02 2025


    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 3...

    Another strong shortwave will lift towards British Columbia late
    Friday and Friday night, channeling moisture within a zonal Pacific
    jet into the Pacific Northwest. Both IVT and PW anomalies from
    NAEFS are progged to exceed the 97th percentile within the CFSR
    climatology, suggesting that precipitation may become heavy very
    late on D3. However, the accompanying WAA driving this moisture
    plume northeastward will surge snow levels to 8000-9000 ft, and any
    cold advection associated with a surface front will be delayed
    until beyond this forecast period. This should limit appreciable snowfall
    to the northernmost portions of the WA Cascades, with impacts still
    expected to remain above pass level through Saturday.

    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Asherman/Weiss











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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 30 07:09:49 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 300709
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    309 AM EDT Thu Oct 30 2025

    Valid 12Z Thu Oct 30 2025 - 12Z Sun Nov 02 2025

    ...Washington Cascades...
    Day 3...

    A shortwave disturbance at the base of a massive longwave trough
    positioned over the northeast Pacific will direct a highly
    anomalous IVT topping 1,000 kg/m/s at the Pacific Northwest late
    Friday night and into Saturday. There is no shortage of moisture
    within the IVT as PWs approach 1.25" over western WA, which in some
    instances tops the 99th climatological percentile per ECMWF SATs.
    That said, the air-mass the IVT is ushering in is also rather mild
    and antecedent boundary layer temperatures are not cold enough to
    support heavy snowfall below 5,000ft south of US Route 2 and
    Stevens Pass. Most passes should remain below the freezing level,
    making rain the primary precipitation type below 5,000ft. The
    Cascades north of US-2 above 5,000ft have the better odds (WPC
    probabilities >4" between 10-30%) for locally heavier snowfall
    totals.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Mullinax














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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 30 20:14:41 2025
    FOUS11 KWBC 302014
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    414 PM EDT Thu Oct 30 2025

    Valid 00Z Fri Oct 31 2025 - 00Z Mon Nov 03 2025

    ...Washington Cascades...
    Days 2-3...

    A shortwave disturbance at the base of a massive longwave trough
    positioned over the northeast Pacific will direct a highly
    anomalous IVT topping 1,000 kg/m/s at the Pacific Northwest late
    Friday night and into Saturday. There is no shortage of moisture
    within the IVT as PWs approach 1.25" over western WA, which in some
    instances tops the 99th climatological percentile per ECMWF and
    NAEFS SATs. That said, the Pacific air-mass is also rather mild
    and antecedent boundary layer temperatures are not cold enough to
    support heavy snowfall below 5,000ft south of US Route 2 and
    Stevens Pass. Most passes should remain below the freezing level,
    making rain the primary precipitation type below 5,000ft. The
    Cascades north of US-2 above 5,000ft maintain better odds for
    locally heavy snowfall, where localized 50-80% probabilities of
    exceeding 4 inches are noted this forecast cycle.


    The probability of significant ice across the CONUS is less than
    10 percent.

    Asherman/Mullinax

















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